Battery Interoperability for EV Charging Systems
Electric vehicle adoption faces a significant hurdle in charging time constraints, with standard Level 2 charging requiring 4-8 hours and even DC fast charging taking 30-60 minutes for an 80% charge. These extended downtimes affect both personal transport flexibility and commercial fleet operations, where vehicle availability directly impacts business metrics.
The fundamental challenge lies in designing standardized battery systems that can be rapidly exchanged while accommodating diverse vehicle architectures, power requirements, and safety protocols across manufacturers.
This page brings together solutions from recent research—including automated battery swap mechanisms, standardized interface protocols, hot-swappable module designs, and sensor-based alignment systems. These and other approaches focus on creating practical, scalable battery exchange infrastructure while maintaining safety and reliability standards.
1. Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping System with Cross-Operator Compatibility and Integrated Battery Authentication and Management
GREEN POWER FUTURE ENERGY CO LTD, SHANGHAI ENNEAGON ENERGY TECH CO LTD, SHANGHAI ENNEAGON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, 2023
Battery replacement management system for electric vehicles that enables efficient and scalable battery swapping for electric vehicles. The system allows vehicles from different operators to swap batteries at stations operated by multiple entities. It involves a battery authentication process, tracking battery health and charge/discharge history, billing based on battery condition, and optimizing battery charging strategies. The system enables cross-operator battery swapping, improves utilization of batteries, and reduces costs by leveraging station resources.
2. System for Swapping Standardized Removable Electric Vehicle Battery Modules
Lixiong Wu, Eric Wu, 2023
A system for sharing electric vehicle (EV) batteries to enable easy, fast swapping of discharged batteries for fully charged ones. The system uses standardized, removable battery modules that can be swapped at dedicated exchange stations. EV owners can exchange their discharged battery for a charged one on the go, avoiding the need for lengthy recharging stops.
3. Energy System with Link Device for Integrating Batteries of Incompatible Chemistries
GOAL ZERO LLC., 2023
An energy system that enables seamless integration of batteries with different chemistries for flexible energy storage. The system uses a link device to connect batteries with incompatible chemistries. The link device regulates the power profile to allow the incompatible batteries to charge and discharge together. This allows using external batteries with different chemistries to supplement the primary battery in the system. The link device prioritizes charging/discharging of the primary battery, external batteries, or both. This allows balancing charge/discharge, bypassing the primary battery, or simultaneous charging/discharging.
4. Networked Charging System with Modular Interchangeable Battery Packs for Energy Vehicles
JINHUA XUANCAI ARTS & CRAFTS CO LTD, 2022
A new energy vehicle battery replacement charging system that addresses issues like battery life, spontaneous combustion, charging efficiency, environmental impact, and charging pile availability. The system involves a networked charging infrastructure with modular, interchangeable battery packs. Each vehicle has multiple battery slots instead of a single large pack. Broken packs can be easily swapped out without replacing the whole assembly. This allows targeted repair/replacement instead of full pack replacement. It also enables lighter vehicles with reduced dead weight compared to monolithic packs. The system allows charging stations to have multiple packs, reducing wait times. The interchangeable packs also enable better energy management and charging strategies. The networked charging infrastructure allows tracking, optimization, and control of pack usage. It also allows grid balancing and energy storage by aggregating packs. The modular packs also enable better recycling and disposal by recycling/repairing individual
5. Modular Electric Vehicle Battery Pack with Closed Loop Cooling and Fifth Wheel Latch for Rapid Swapping and Grid Integration
Feyijimi Adegbohun, 2022
Modular electric vehicle battery pack for swapping and grid integration that allows rapid, flexible battery swapping between vehicles and stationary applications. The pack has features like closed loop cooling, onboard charger, balancing, and monitoring. It connects to a vehicle platform with a fifth wheel latch and can be swapped quickly. The swapping stations share info to optimize schedules. This enables vehicle batteries to be used as mobile energy storage, reducing charging costs and grid load. The swapping stations can also harvest pack energy for grid services.
6. Battery-Vehicle Interface with Swappable Battery Control Circuit and Connector System
Popion Mobility Inc., 2022
Battery-vehicle interface solutions for supporting use of swappable batteries in electric vehicles. The interface allows quick and efficient battery swapping in infrastructure like fueling stations for electric vehicles. The swappable battery has a control circuit and connectors to interact with the vehicle. The vehicle also has a power distribution system and connectors for the battery. This allows seamless swapping of drained batteries for charged ones at fueling stations without disconnecting the vehicle. The battery interface enables monitoring and management of the swapped battery in the vehicle.
7. Electric Vehicle Battery System with Swappable Packs, Real-Time Health Monitoring, and Phase Change Material Heat Management
YANG WENXIAN, 2021
Standardization method for electric vehicle power batteries that aims to improve convenience, cost, and safety of electric vehicles by enabling swappable battery packs. The method involves monitoring battery health in real-time, switching between packs when needed, and using phase change materials inside battery cases for heat dissipation. An energy management system inside the vehicle connects to multiple battery packs and switches between them when a pack runs low. Battery packs have temperature sensors to prevent overheating. The packs also have liquid sacs filled with phase change materials inside the case to absorb and store heat during charging, reducing internal battery temperatures. This improves battery life and safety. The swappable battery packs can be standardized across vehicle models, simplifying charging infrastructure and making electric cars more convenient and economical to use.
8. Modular Battery Pack with Interchangeable Sub-Modules and Universal Interconnect System
SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC IT CORPORATION, 2021
Battery pack design that allows using interchangeable sub-modules containing different types of lithium-ion cells from various suppliers. The pack has a modular chassis with compartments for receiving the sub-modules. Internal interconnects couple the sub-modules to a central battery pack controller. This allows mixing and matching sub-modules from different cell technologies and form factors without needing to redesign the pack for each cell type. The pack controller can communicate, balance, and monitor the sub-modules through dedicated buses.
9. Battery Swapping System with Model-Adaptive Storage, Scheduling, and Charging Mechanisms for Electric Vehicles
ZHONGLIYUAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, ZHONGLIYUAN ZHENYUAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING TECH CO LTD, 2020
Intelligent system for swapping batteries between electric vehicles of different models to enable sharing of batteries among vehicles. The system allows swapping batteries between vehicles with different wheelbases and battery sizes. It uses a storage rack, scheduling device, and charging device. The storage rack moves batteries using spoke wheels. The scheduling device lifts and moves batteries between vehicles using a platform. The charging device intelligently charges batteries based on their models. This allows sharing batteries between vehicles with different battery sizes and configurations.
10. Electric Vehicle with Modular Detachable Battery Pack Configuration System
Ruichen Zhao, 2020
Electric vehicles with modular, detachable battery packs that can be configured and swapped for flexibility and efficiency. The electric vehicles have a battery module that can receive and provide power from multiple detachable battery packs. This allows configuring the number of packs based on needs and swapping degraded packs for fully charged ones. It also enables servicing like swapping/renting stations, centralized battery tracking, and using degraded packs for other purposes.
11. Electric Vehicle Battery Replacement System with Standardized Locking Mechanisms and Integrated Software Platform
DONG SHE, 2020
A public battery replacement system for electric vehicles that allows continuous use of the vehicles by swapping out depleted batteries at dedicated stations instead of having to recharge them. The system involves standardized locking mechanisms on the batteries and vehicles to enable universal battery swapping between different types of electric vehicles. The system also includes software and mobile apps to locate nearby battery swap stations, monitor battery usage, and facilitate the battery swapping process.
12. Electromobility System with Expandable Battery Electric Vehicles and Interchangeable Battery Modules
BRENDES MARTIN, 2020
Electromobility system with expandable battery electric vehicles and interchangeable batteries to overcome the limitations of current electric vehicle batteries. The system allows users to swap out depleted batteries at charging stations for fully charged ones, providing longer range without waiting for charging. The vehicles have a fixed, smaller battery, and the removable, interchangeable batteries can be borrowed, returned, and exchanged at stations. This allows users to have a larger capacity battery for long trips without carrying the weight around all the time. The stations communicate to balance inventory and usage.
13. Standardized Battery Swap Method for Electric Vehicles with Internet-Based Station Location and Exchange System
Jo Kyung-geun, Jo Yong-pyo, 2019
Method for charging electric vehicles that addresses issues with battery charging infrastructures. The method involves standardizing batteries for electric vehicles, enabling faster and more efficient charging. The standardization step involves creating a common battery specification for all EVs. This allows using interchangeable standard batteries at charging stations instead of charging the vehicle's specific battery. When an EV needs charging, it locates a charging station over the internet, requests a standard battery swap, and the station provides a charged battery. The discharged battery is recovered. This allows quicker charging as a fresh battery is supplied, reduces charging infrastructure needs, and improves battery life by avoiding deep discharges. The EV pays for the electricity consumed in the standard battery.
14. Automated Battery Swapping System with Standardized Interfaces and Centralized Management for Electric Vehicles
Qingdao United New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd., 2019
Electric vehicle battery sharing system where batteries can be swapped quickly and easily between vehicles. The system allows for shared use of batteries between electric vehicles, enabling rapid charging by swapping out fully charged batteries for depleted ones. The system involves specialized cabinets, automated battery handling, and centralized management to enable automated, rapid battery swapping. The batteries have standardized interfaces and are tracked to ensure legal compliance. Vehicles can communicate with the cabinets to initiate battery swaps. This allows shared use of batteries between vehicles, providing a solution to the limited range of electric vehicles and enabling rapid charging without extensive infrastructure.
15. Energy Vehicle with Removable Standardized Battery and Swapping Infrastructure
Chen Jiyong, 2019
A new energy vehicle with a removable shared battery and charging infrastructure that enables faster charging and easier installation compared to fixed battery vehicles. The battery can be quickly swapped out at charging stations using specialized equipment. This allows the battery to be charged separately from the vehicle and reduces charging time. The battery is designed to meet standardized specifications and performance. The charging station pays a fee for charging services and is responsible for battery maintenance. Old batteries that fail standards are automatically replaced.
16. Electric Vehicle System with Removable Batteries and Cloud-Managed Battery Swapping
State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd., State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, 2018
A system for shared battery mobility in electric vehicles that separates ownership of the vehicle body from the battery. The vehicles have removable batteries that can be charged at public charging stations. A cloud server manages battery health, optimization, and routing to enable efficient battery swapping. Users can plan optimal routes based on battery status, charge at stations, and swap depleted batteries for charged ones. The cloud monitors battery health and plans maintenance. This allows battery-swapping convenience, longer range by sharing batteries, and avoids charging infrastructure investment.
17. Pluggable Battery System with Standardized Swappable Modules and Networked Management for Electric Vehicles
Wang Zhikang, 2018
Pluggable battery system for electric vehicles that allows efficient sharing and utilization of batteries to reduce overall battery costs and environmental impact. The system involves using standardized pluggable batteries that can be swapped between vehicles, charging stations, and switching stations. It allows vehicles to use other batteries when their own runs low, centralized charging stations to recharge many batteries at once, and dedicated switching stations to replace depleted batteries quickly. The system uses a network of subsystems in vehicles, charging stations, switching stations, a control center, and servers to manage battery tracking and coordination.
18. Detachable Circular Battery System with AI-Optimized Management and Induction Connectors for Electric Vehicles
Foshan Mengzhenying Electromechanical Co., Ltd., 2018
Automobile battery sharing system that allows electric vehicles to share batteries instead of relying on fixed charging infrastructure. The system uses detachable, circular batteries that can be rolled into and out of vehicles. Power stations have devices to charge, swap, and recover batteries. The stations use AI to optimize battery management. Batteries have sensors and wireless communication. They have induction connectors to automatically connect to vehicle terminals. The swappable batteries enable on-demand charging without long stops or fixed infrastructure.
19. Battery Exchange System with NFC-Enabled Data Transfer for Electric Vehicle Battery Racks
LEE NAM JAE, Lee Nam-jae, 2017
A system and method for exchanging batteries in electric vehicles to address range limitations and long charging times. The system involves specialized battery racks in vehicles and charging stations that automatically transfer battery data using NFC when swapping batteries. This allows tracking and managing swapped batteries. It enables faster and more convenient battery swaps compared to traditional charging.
20. Electric Vehicle Control Method with Battery Replacement and Transferable Information at Charging Stations
Xu Renzuo, RENZUO XU, 2016
A method for controlling electric vehicles powered by external charging stations called power plants. The method involves transferring vehicle information to the power plant, allowing the vehicle to replace its battery there, storing the battery change history, and charging replacement batteries. This enables long-distance electric vehicle travel by swapping out depleted batteries at dedicated charging stations.
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