Solid-State Electrolytes in EV Battery Design

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with improved safety and performance by replacing the flammable liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte made of a specific argyrodite-type sulfide material. The solid electrolyte has high lithium ionic conductivity, stability in air and moisture, and reduced chemical side reactions compared to other solid electrolytes. This allows making all-solid-state batteries without the fire risk of liquid electrolytes. The argyrodite-type sulfide solid electrolyte can be used in the battery's positive electrode, negative electrode, or separator to create a fully solid-state battery.

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All-solid-state battery with improved lifetime characteristics by incorporating composite carbon layers between the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode. The composite carbon layers have different binder contents, with a layer close to the electrolyte having higher binder content for better adhesion and protection. The layer closer to the negative electrode has lower binder content to allow lithium diffusion and prevent dendrite formation. This configuration prevents short circuits due to dendrite growth and reduces capacity fade.

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Electrode design for redox flow batteries that improves electrolyte flowability and overall performance. The electrode has a specific particle size distribution with a median diameter at least 1.025 times the modal diameter. This configuration reduces large voids between particles, improving electrolyte flowability compared to electrodes with lower median/modal ratios. The electrode with improved flowability has lower diffusive resistance, which in turn lowers cell resistance and enhances battery reactivity.

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All-solid-state battery with improved performance using a composite solid electrolyte. The composite electrolyte is a combination of a Garnet-type solid electrolyte and a Cl-containing LISICON-type solid electrolyte. The composite allows lower firing temperatures, avoids side reactions during battery operation, and has higher lithium ionic conductivity compared to the Garnet electrolyte alone. The Cl-containing LISICON electrolyte is represented by a chemical formula with Li, B, Si, Cl, and O.

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Solid electrolyte membrane for all-solid-state rechargeable batteries that reduces internal short circuits and improves high rate capability compared to traditional solid electrolytes. The membrane consists of a composite core with diamagnetic particles surrounded by an insulating layer, followed by a shell made of the solid electrolyte. The composite structure reduces lithium ion path length while the diamagnetic core suppresses internal short circuits. This provides improved ionic conductivity and high rate capability compared to uniform solid electrolyte membranes.

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All-solid-state battery with improved capacity and faster charging/discharging compared to conventional all-solid-state batteries. The battery has stacked electrode layers with a solid electrolyte interposed between them. The inner portions of the electrode layers overlap and contain the active material. The outer portions of the electrode layers also overlap the solid electrolyte but have corners extending outwards. This allows the outer corners to also contact the external electrodes. This reduces the electron path length compared to having the external electrodes just on the edges.

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All solid-state lithium battery with improved compatibility between the cathode and solid-state electrolyte. The battery has a cathode layer containing a zeolite decorated with lithium salt (Li-zeolite) to improve the interfacial stability between the cathode and electrolyte. This reduces battery degradation and improves performance and durability. The Li-zeolite is dispersed in the cathode along with other components, providing a close ionic contact between the cathode and electrolyte. The Li-zeolite improves the compatibility between the cathode and electrolyte by providing a stable interface with reduced resistance and degradation.

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An all solid-state lithium battery with improved cycle life and energy density. The battery has a composite cathode active material containing sulfur, an alkali metal salt, and carbon. This composite improves cycle life by preventing lithium dendrite growth during charging/discharging. The battery also uses a layered solid electrolyte between the cathode and anode. The electrolyte has a first layer with a high-conductivity sulfide electrolyte and a second layer with a lower-conductivity sulfide electrolyte. This layered electrolyte improves ionic conductivity compared to a single-layer sulfide electrolyte.

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A method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte with high quality and efficiency for all-solid-state batteries. The method uses a unique blend of raw materials and solvents to prevent separation and loss of reactants during synthesis. It involves replacing lithium halides with ammonium halides as a halogen source. This reduces raw material loss and allows complete consumption of lithium sulfide in the reaction. The method involves mixing lithium sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, ammonium halide, alcohol solvent, and non-alcohol solvent to form a precursor solution. Firing the precursor produces the sulfide solid electrolyte. The blended raw materials and solvents enable complete conversion of reactants without separation or loss, resulting in a high-quality sulfide solid electrolyte.

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All-solid-state battery with simplified structure and improved cycle life for lithium-metal batteries. The battery uses a composite solid electrolyte layer with two types of sulfide solid electrolytes. The first sulfide electrolyte has lower reduction resistance and the second sulfide electrolyte has higher reduction resistance. This configuration allows a protective layer of lithium and metallic elements to form between the current collector and the lower resistance electrolyte during cycling, improving cycle life. The higher resistance electrolyte prevents excessive lithium plating and side reactions. The composite electrolyte layer enables simplified battery structure since a separate initial lithium layer is not needed.

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Structural battery for vehicles that can provide both electric power storage and structural support without requiring liquid electrolytes. The battery has stacked positive and negative electrode layers sandwiched between outer structure reinforcement layers. Solid electrolytes coat the boundaries, electrode side surfaces, and outer layers. This allows forming the battery by connecting terminals without injecting liquid electrolytes. It improves mechanical strength compared to conventional liquid electrolyte batteries.

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Gel electrolyte for zinc-air batteries that minimizes carbonate formation, hydrogen gas buildup, and corrosion while providing high ionic conductivity. The gel electrolyte contains a red seaweed polysaccharide network with interstices filled with a concentrated solution of metal hydroxide. The high concentration of hydroxide prevents carbonate formation and hydrogen evolution. The high concentration of metal hydroxide also enhances gelation and ionic conductivity. The gel electrolyte can be used in zinc-air batteries without separators, as the gel itself physically separates the anode and cathode.

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Manganese oxides for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries with high capacity, long cycle life, and low cost. The manganese oxides have compositions containing lithium and/or sodium, like Li1.5Mn0.5O2 or Na1.5Mn0.5O2. They can be synthesized by introducing manganese, sodium, and metal precursors under specific conditions. The metal can be any element except manganese or sodium. The resulting oxides have improved performance compared to conventional manganese oxides used in batteries.

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Battery cell separator with improved electrolyte flow and reduced heat generation compared to conventional separators. The separator has a laser-patterned polymer layer on a ceramic layer. The polymer layer is randomly distributed on the ceramic layer in conventional separators. The laser treatment etches a pattern into the polymer without modifying the ceramic. This separator design promotes electrolyte flow and minimizes heat effects in battery cells compared to unmodified separators.

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Lithium electrode for batteries with a protective layer to prevent dendrite growth in lithium metal anodes. The protective layer is a composite of two layers: a first layer close to the lithium metal with high ion conductivity, and a second layer further from the lithium metal with high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. The first layer allows lithium ions to pass and prevents lithium depletion. The second layer transfers electrons to the lithium surface and prevents localized current density. The composite layer structure inhibits dendrite growth and improves battery performance compared to single-layer coatings.

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Low cost, reinforced solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that provide improved mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal stability compared to existing solid electrolytes. The electrolyte is made by coating a porous substrate with a fluoropolymer-ionic liquid-lithium salt solution on one side and a fluoropolymer-LLZO solution on the other side. The coated substrate is then dried and cured to form the solid electrolyte. The reinforced electrolyte has better ionic conductivity, lower dendrite growth, and higher thermal stability than pure solid polymer electrolytes.

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Electrolyte for lithium batteries with improved charging efficiency, high temperature recovery capacity, and long term storage stability. The electrolyte contains specific additives, compounds represented by Chemical Formulas 1 to 6, that when added to the battery electrolyte improve charging resistance, high temperature recovery capacity, and capacity retention at high temperatures compared to conventional electrolytes. The additives are 1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-yl diethyl phosphite, 2-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, and other related compounds. The electrolyte composition includes 0.1-10% of these additives along with lithium salt and organic solvents.

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Electricity storage device with reduced damage to the electrode assembly during electrolyte injection to improve reliability. The device has a lid with a tubular member extending between the lid and the electrode assembly to surround the injection hole. A covering member connects to the tubular member and interposes between the injection hole and the electrode assembly. This prevents high-speed electrolyte impingement on the electrode assembly edges when injected through the hole.

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Power storage device with improved thermal stability, safety and flexibility. The device uses specific components like electrode materials, separator, electrolyte and housing materials that are less prone to degradation at high temperatures. The separator contains polyphenylene sulfide or solvent-spun regenerated cellulosic fiber. The electrolyte contains lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)amide (LiBETA) and propylene carbonate. The housing can be flexible with a rubber band. This allows the device to withstand high temperatures during processing without degrading performance.

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Electrolyte solution for lithium batteries that improves output characteristics, storage stability, and reduces gas generation compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains specific additives: a compound with a lithium or sodium cation and an anion, and a compound with 3-5 atoms, double bonds, and electronegativity >3. These additives improve battery output, recovery capacity, and lifespan at high temperatures.

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