Gas Venting in EV Battery Protection

Battery exhaust device, hard-shell battery, and soft-pack battery that allows internal gas to be safely discharged from batteries without damaging the battery. The exhaust device has a valve body with an exhaust channel, an air inlet, and an air outlet. A blocking member and elastic member are used to control gas flow. The valve body connects to the battery cell chamber. When gas pressure builds up, the blocking member moves to allow gas out through the air outlet. This prevents explosions by venting the gas. The hard-shell battery has the exhaust device inside the shell, and the soft-pack battery has it outside the aluminum-plastic film.

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Battery pack design to improve safety and extend life by quickly discharging gas from thermally runaway cells and preventing it from affecting other cells. The pack has a partition plate sandwiched between the cell and an exhaust channel. The plate has holes connected to the cell's thermal runaway area. When a cell vent gases, they pass through the corresponding hole into the channel and out via an exhaust valve. This rapidly evacuates runaway cell gases without them spreading to other cells.

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A secondary battery with a venting device to prevent structural collapse and flame propagation during thermal runaway. The venting device has a rupture disk that bursts at a certain pressure. A heat-absorbing porous member is placed upstream or downstream of the rupture disk. This member prevents flames from escaping when the vent opens. The porous member may deform or melt at high temperatures and pressures to allow gas escape. It also absorbs heat to lower the ignition point. By controlling venting and flame propagation, it delays or prevents secondary battery collapse during thermal runaway.

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Battery safety valve with a sealing airbag to prevent external gas from entering the battery during overpressure venting. The valve has an airbag attached to the valve body that collects the vented battery gases. This prevents external air from entering the battery when it vents, allowing continued operation and extending the time before thermal runaway. The airbag seals against the valve body with a gasket. A pressure sensor monitors the airbag pressure.

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A pressure relief device for lithium-ion battery packs that provides flame retardant and cooling functions for thermal runaway gas. The device has a pressure relief channel with a cooling component inside. The cooling component has pores to transfer heat to the gas as it passes through, reducing temperature. A compression member presses the cooling component against the channel wall. This fixes it and allows discharge of channel contents through the cooling component and valve. The compression member threads onto the channel wall to adjust pressure. A sealing ring prevents gas leakage between the compression member and housing.

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Battery pack with improved safety against fire or gas explosion in electric vehicles. The pack has a housing with a sealed gas inlet covered by a venting unit. When internal pressure exceeds a threshold, the venting unit ruptures to allow gas to escape. This prevents explosions spreading between modules by quickly venting gas. The venting unit has a split plate with one section exposed to rupture and the other section supporting. When pressure rises, the exposed section ruptures while the supported section remains fixed.

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Battery module with a vent shield to mitigate damage to sensitive components when gases are vented from the battery cells. The shield is positioned directly along the vent path to absorb and redirect the hot, pressurized gases away from components like electronics and sensors. This prevents the gases from overheating and damaging those components.

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Power battery thermal runaway passive safety system that actively reduces temperature of gas generated during thermal runaway to prevent fires. The system uses fusible materials to seal battery module air inlet and exhaust connectors. If a cell thermally runs away, fusible materials melt to open the connectors allowing outside air to be sucked in and exhaust gases to be expelled. This prevents high temperature gas buildup inside the battery pack. A compressor and exhaust machine are used to manage airflow.

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Preventing thermal runaway propagation in battery packs by allowing heat and gas to escape when a cell experiences thermal runaway. The device has a dedicated discharge passage and valve for each cell. If a cell temperature exceeds a threshold, the valve opens to release heat and gas outside. This prevents the runaway from spreading to adjacent cells. A battery management system selectively opens valves for cells with runaway. Simultaneous valve opening prevents runaway chain reactions.

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Exhaust device for battery cells that prevents electrolyte leakage while allowing gas discharge to improve safety. The exhaust device has two breathable components on the cell body. One component covers the cell's through hole. When cell pressure reaches a threshold, the components disconnect and gas escapes through the hole. This prevents electrolyte leakage when components deform or rupture. The components are connected by deformable zones that seal under pressure.

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Pressure relief mechanism for batteries that improves safety by guiding discharged gas away from the battery and preventing it from damaging other components. The mechanism has an airflow blocking member around the pressure relief port that restricts gas flow through the port. High-temperature gas discharged during battery thermal runaway is directed out of the blocking member's exhaust port instead of scattering through the port. This prevents gas from hitting and damaging nearby components like wiring harnesses. The blocking member also expands and contracts with the valve cover to maintain gas flow guidance during pressure relief.

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Vehicle with battery compartment safety system that automatically opens the compartment covers when battery temperature reaches a critical level to prevent thermal runaway propagation. The system uses thermosensitive devices to detect high battery temperature and pneumatic actuators to instantly open the compartment covers. This allows rapid cooling to contain thermal runaway without needing manual intervention.

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Battery design, manufacturing process, and heat sealing apparatus to improve gas venting reliability and prevent moisture ingress in sealed battery cells. The battery has a valve device inside the housing that releases pressure if it exceeds a threshold. The valve has a portion outside the sealing edge and another sandwiched between the sealing layers. Raised or recessed features are added to the sealing head surfaces to match the valve protrusions. This ensures proper valve operation during sealing and prevents deformation issues. The raised/recessed areas help maintain sealing while accommodating the valve movement during operation.

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Power supply device for vehicles like electric vehicles with improved cooling of the high-pressure gas released during cell venting. The device has a cover with internal gas guide passages that bend the gas flow path horizontally in sections. This reduces temperature rise of the vented gas by improving gas dispersion and mixing. The horizontal bends force the gas to change direction in the narrow confined space of the cover, promoting more efficient and uniform dispersion. This prevents hot spots and helps prevent excessive temperature rises in the vented gas.

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A housing for battery modules with improved gas venting capabilities. The housing has a main body that mates with the lower housing containing the battery cells. It has two types of vents: burst vents that rapidly release excess gases when pressure reaches a threshold, and slow vents with gas-selective permeability layers that enable gas exchange between the chamber and exterior. This allows directed rapid venting of excessive gases while allowing slower venting of other gases to maintain cell breathing. The burst vents prevent overpressure rupture, and the slow vents prevent condensation buildup.

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Thermal management system for electric vehicle batteries that prevents explosions and further heat spread. The system has a cooling device connected to the battery pack. It also has valves to control gas flow during thermal runaway. During early stage runaway, a first valve opens to let solid and liquid impurities out while two others close. Later, the first valve closes and second and third valves open to discharge high-pressure gases. This allows impurity discharge, cooling, and isolation to prevent explosions and further heat spread.

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A thermal management system for electric vehicle battery packs that mitigates the risk of battery explosion or further heat spread during thermal runaway conditions. The system has two separate openings in the battery pack enclosure: one for discharging solid and liquid impurities, and another for discharging high-temperature, high-pressure gas. Opening and closing valves control which opening is used during normal operation, early thermal runaway, and late thermal runaway stages. This allows selective impurity discharge without clogging, and timely gas exhaust to cool the pack. A thermal runaway sensor triggers the valve controls.

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Battery pack for electrified vehicles with vent gas passageways to mitigate thermal events and protect the enclosure while reducing debris discharge. The battery pack has a vent gas passageway within the enclosure that aligns with the cell vents. This passageway has inlet ports at each cell vent location. When a cell vent releases gas during a thermal event, it enters the corresponding inlet port and flows through the passageway instead of directly into the enclosure. This prevents gas discharge into the vehicle while mitigating pressure and temperature spikes. The passageway can also have features like serpentine channels or frangible sections to further reduce risks.

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Mitigating the hazards of battery thermal runaway in non-metal-air batteries by routing the hot gases generated during a thermal event through the metal-air batteries. This absorbs heat and prevents hot gases from escaping and igniting. Valves control air flow between the non-metal-air and metal-air batteries. They open when the non-metal-air battery temperature or pressure exceeds thresholds indicating runaway. This directs hot gases through the metal-air batteries instead of releasing them into the environment. The metal-air batteries' large thermal mass absorbs heat to lower the risk of ignition.

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Battery design to improve safety by separating pressure relief mechanisms from heat management. The battery housing has separate compartments for the battery cells and a collection area for exhaust. A thermal management member adjusts cell temperature in a compartment without the relief mechanism. When a cell overheats, the relief mechanism vents pressure away from the thermal management. This prevents cell rupture during thermal runaway.

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