Hybrid Electrode Materials for High-Capacity Energy Storage

Secondary battery with improved fast charging and cycle life for electric vehicles and electronics. The battery has a unique negative electrode structure with two layers on the current collector. The outer layer contains graphite and a silicon-carbon composite with a porous carbon matrix. The composite has silicon grains in the pores and carbon on the surface. The silicon grains have a specific shape to reduce electrolyte decomposition and cycle degradation. The inner graphite layer provides initial charge storage. The outer silicon layer concentrates charge capacity without affecting inner dynamics. The dual layer design improves quick charge capability by shortening ion diffusion paths.

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All-solid-state lithium ion battery with improved cycle stability and performance using a novel silicon-carbon composite negative electrode, composite positive electrode, and solid electrolyte. The silicon-carbon composite anode has optimized three-dimensional interconnected structure with 0.5-1.5 μm silicon particles to prevent volume expansion and cracking during cycling. The composite positive electrode has lithium niobate coatings for space accommodation. The sulfide solid electrolyte enables effective contact with the interconnected anode.

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Silicon-based anode for solid-state batteries with improved cycle stability and rate performance. The anode consists of silicon, tin, and lithium mixed in specific proportions. It forms a flexible film with carbon nanotubes that disperses uniformly throughout. This prevents cracks and chalking during charging/discharging due to silicon's large volume expansion. The tin helps buffer volume change and provides conductivity. The lithium source converts to a solid-state electrolyte inside the film. The anode is prepared by grinding and mixing the components, then forming a film using vacuum filtration.

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Battery with improved cycle life for electric vehicles by using a specific structure in the negative electrode. The negative electrode contains a thin film of silicon particles and carbon on the current collector. The silicon particles form columnar bodies inside the film. The carbon is locally present at multiple positions within the columnar bodies. This structure improves cycle characteristics compared to coating just the surface of the silicon particles. The carbon inside the columnar bodies helps prevent exposure of bare silicon during cycling.

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Silicon-sulfur-polymer composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries that have improved conductivity, capacity, and cycle life stability. The composite anode contains silicon particles, elemental sulfur, and a polymer mixed together. This mixture is coated onto a copper current collector and heat treated. The composite anode provides better performance compared to pure silicon anodes due to the polymer binding the silicon and sulfur together, preventing fracturing during cycling. The polymer also provides conductivity paths.

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Porous negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling life and high rate capability. The electrode has a porous structure containing a mixture of silicon and graphite anode materials. The surface of the anode particles is coated with a polymeric carbon layer containing phosphide. This improves the tight binding of the anode particles with the conductive agent and adhesive, facilitates electron conduction, and optimizes lithium ion diffusion. The coating conditions are chosen to balance electrode porosity and lithium diffusion resistance.

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Silicon-carbon composite material for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life. The composite has a carbon matrix with a pore structure that provides space for the silicon to expand without volume increase. The pore structure is formed by etching a carbon substrate. The silicon fills the pores during battery charge/discharge. By selecting composites with certain voltage-capacity differential values, it improves cycle performance.

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Electrode for lithium-ion batteries with improved charging capability and methods for manufacturing the electrode. The electrode has two layers, the first layer containing a silicon-carbon composite material with a porous carbon scaffold having micropores and mesopores. The second layer contains a second silicon-carbon composite material with a similar scaffold. This structure increases lithium ion kinetics in the second layer compared to the first layer due to the higher surface area of the second material. The layers are formed by applying dry silicon-carbon composite mixtures with binders via calendering onto a current collector.

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Negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling performance compared to traditional silicon anodes. The material consists of a silicon core surrounded by an inner carbon layer and an outer sulfur layer. The carbon layer prevents large volume expansion of the silicon during charge/discharge. The sulfur layer further reduces expansion and improves cycling stability. The carbon and sulfur claddings on the silicon core provide a composite structure that mitigates the volume expansion issues of pure silicon anodes.

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Secondary battery with a composite negative electrode that improves capacity, cycle life, and safety. The composite negative electrode contains a graphene coating on a silicon-graphite composite. This structure provides mechanical stability, reduces volume expansion during charging, and prevents pulverization compared to pure silicon electrodes. The composite negative electrode with graphene coating enables high silicon loading in the negative electrode without capacity fade, enabling higher overall battery capacity.

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Electrochemical device with improved cycle life and expansion performance for lithium-ion batteries. The device uses a negative electrode material with a specific composition and structure. The negative electrode layer contains a silicon-carbon composite material. The composite has a porous carbon skeleton and silicon particles. The average particle size of the composite is 3-15 µm, with a porosity of 0.15-1%. This provides expansion space for the silicon during cycling without cracking. The ratio of particle size to porosity is 0.15-1. This allows the silicon to expand without fracturing while maintaining good electrical contact between particles. The optimized composite improves cycle life, expansion performance, and rate capability compared to conventional silicon anodes.

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Silicon-carbon composite material for lithium-ion battery anodes with improved cycling stability and initial coulombic efficiency compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite has a structure with a porous carbon core filled with silicon particles, surrounded by an outer silicon coating and carbon coating. The porous carbon provides space for the silicon particles to expand without cracking, reducing volume change during lithiation/delithiation. The outer coatings protect the composite and maintain conductivity.

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A silicon-carbon negative electrode design for lithium-ion batteries that improves cycling stability and capacity retention of silicon-based negative electrodes. The design involves sandwiching a layer of silicon-carbon negative electrode material between two layers of graphite-coated hollow carbon balls. The graphite coating on the carbon balls prevents volume expansion of the silicon during charging/discharging from crushing the electrode. The adhesive layer between the carbon balls and silicon-carbon layer keeps them separated. This prevents pulverization of the silicon and allows formation of a stable SEI film on the surface. The graphite coating also improves conductivity.

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Electrode design for high capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and reliability. The electrode has two types of particles - one with small volume change during charging/discharging, and another with large volume change like silicon. The small particles are dispersed in a matrix of larger particles to prevent exfoliation during cycling. This prevents peeling of the active material from the electrode. The matrix particles cover, surround, or adhere to the small particles on their surfaces to maintain contact. This prevents particle separation during cycling and maintains electrode integrity. The matrix particles can be graphene or carbon with pores, terminated with hydrogen or fluorine.

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Silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling stability and capacity retention compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite contains a layered structure of graphite and nano-silicon intercalated between the graphite layers. An outer carbon cladding made of a conducting polymer like polyaniline is applied to the composite. The graphite layers buffer volume expansion during cycling, while the conducting polymer enhances conductivity to mitigate capacity fade. The composite preparation involves mixing graphite and nanosilicon, followed by coating with the polymer.

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A composite material for negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries that improves cycle life and capacity retention compared to traditional silicon-based negative electrodes. The composite has a structure with voids between the active material particles, graphene compound, and binder. The voids are filled with additional graphene compound and binder. This provides a physical support network for the active material particles that reduces stress and particle pulverization during cycling. The graphene compound also improves electrical conductivity and adhesion. The composite allows higher silicon loading, reducing volume changes and improving cycle life.

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Negative electrode sheet for lithium-ion batteries that improves charge/discharge performance and cycle life. The negative electrode sheet has a composite active layer containing both large and small carbon particles. The large carbon particles are mixed with silicon particles. The small carbon particles surround the silicon particles. This configuration reduces gaps between expanding/contracting silicon particles during charge/discharge, improving ionic and electronic conductivity compared to conventional silicon-graphene anodes.

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Negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density and cycle life. The material is a silicon-based composite containing porous carbon matrix with embedded nano-silicon particles. The composite has specific density and silicon content ranges to accommodate silicon expansion during charging/discharging without fracturing. The carbon matrix porosity meets the volume requirements for silicon expansion. This prevents cracking and maintains electrode integrity.

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High-capacity silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that provides improved cycle life and capacity retention compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite material is prepared by coating silicon powder with a vinyl cyanide-based organic polymer containing a sulfur source, then pyrolyzing it under inert gas to form a silicon-carbon composite. The polymer coating reduces pulverization and volume expansion during cycling. The sulfur-grafted carbon from the polymer improves capacity and mitigates capacity fade.

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Nitrogen-sulfur doped silicon-carbon composite material for high performance lithium ion battery negative electrodes. The composite has submicron silicon coated with a nitrogen-sulfur doped carbon polymer layer. The doped carbon improves specific capacity, conductivity, and cycling stability versus pure carbon. The nitrogen and sulfur dopants introduce defects, polarization, and lithium storage sites in the carbon matrix. The composite also has copper nanoparticles in the carbon layer for additional benefits.

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