Hybrid Electrodes for Electric Vehicle Battery

Secondary battery with improved fast charging and cycle life for electric vehicles and electronics. The battery has a unique negative electrode structure with two layers on the current collector. The outer layer contains graphite and a silicon-carbon composite with a porous carbon matrix. The composite has silicon grains in the pores and carbon on the surface. The silicon grains have a specific shape to reduce electrolyte decomposition and cycle degradation. The inner graphite layer provides initial charge storage. The outer silicon layer concentrates charge capacity without affecting inner dynamics. The dual layer design improves quick charge capability by shortening ion diffusion paths.

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All-solid-state lithium ion battery with improved cycle stability and performance using a novel silicon-carbon composite negative electrode, composite positive electrode, and solid electrolyte. The silicon-carbon composite anode has optimized three-dimensional interconnected structure with 0.5-1.5 μm silicon particles to prevent volume expansion and cracking during cycling. The composite positive electrode has lithium niobate coatings for space accommodation. The sulfide solid electrolyte enables effective contact with the interconnected anode.

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Battery with improved cycle life for electric vehicles by using a specific structure in the negative electrode. The negative electrode contains a thin film of silicon particles and carbon on the current collector. The silicon particles form columnar bodies inside the film. The carbon is locally present at multiple positions within the columnar bodies. This structure improves cycle characteristics compared to coating just the surface of the silicon particles. The carbon inside the columnar bodies helps prevent exposure of bare silicon during cycling.

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Porous negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling life and high rate capability. The electrode has a porous structure containing a mixture of silicon and graphite anode materials. The surface of the anode particles is coated with a polymeric carbon layer containing phosphide. This improves the tight binding of the anode particles with the conductive agent and adhesive, facilitates electron conduction, and optimizes lithium ion diffusion. The coating conditions are chosen to balance electrode porosity and lithium diffusion resistance.

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Preparation of a cobalt-nickel-yttrium trimetallic hydroxide nanosheet for high-performance energy storage applications like supercapacitors and batteries. The method involves growing a diamond-based zeolite imidazole acid framework (ZIF-67) precursor on carbon cloth at room temperature. Nickel and yttrium are then added to the ZIF-67 precursor in a hydrothermal process to convert it into the cobalt-nickel-yttrium trimetallic hydroxide nanosheet. This nanosheet has high specific capacitance and good rate performance for energy storage due to the abundant redox sites and improved conductivity from the three metals compared to mono- or binary metal hydroxides.

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Electrode for lithium-ion batteries with improved charging capability and methods for manufacturing the electrode. The electrode has two layers, the first layer containing a silicon-carbon composite material with a porous carbon scaffold having micropores and mesopores. The second layer contains a second silicon-carbon composite material with a similar scaffold. This structure increases lithium ion kinetics in the second layer compared to the first layer due to the higher surface area of the second material. The layers are formed by applying dry silicon-carbon composite mixtures with binders via calendering onto a current collector.

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Transition metal oxide composite for energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors that provides higher energy storage capacity and stability compared to existing metal oxides like ruthenium oxide. The composite has a unique nanowall shape formed by hydrothermal treatment and calcination of a transition metal solution. The nanowall structure improves electrochemical performance and stability. The composite can be made by hydrothermally treating a metal solution, calcining it, and then immersing the resulting oxide in an electrode slurry to make a battery electrode.

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Transition metal-carbon composite that has high capacity, excellent battery efficiency, can be used for a long time, and can uniformly and easily prepare a transition metal-carbon composite. The composite includes graphene and carbon nanohorn dispersed in distilled water to prepare a spherical graphene/carbon nanohorn composite through a spray drying method, mixed with a transition metal oxide, and then reduced using a reducing agent to achieve high-density transition.

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Secondary battery with a composite negative electrode that improves capacity, cycle life, and safety. The composite negative electrode contains a graphene coating on a silicon-graphite composite. This structure provides mechanical stability, reduces volume expansion during charging, and prevents pulverization compared to pure silicon electrodes. The composite negative electrode with graphene coating enables high silicon loading in the negative electrode without capacity fade, enabling higher overall battery capacity.

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Composite material for energy storage electrodes that combines conductive polymers with siloxene nanosheets to improve electrochemical performance. The composite is made by coating conductive polymers onto siloxene nanosheets. The coating process involves mixing the siloxene with a monomer solution, adding an oxidizing agent dropwise, washing, and drying. The composite has high conductivity and large surface area compared to pure siloxene, making it suitable as an electrode material for energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors.

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High-performance hybrid composite for lithium-ion batteries that has improved capacity and charging speed compared to traditional graphite anodes. The composite is made by coating graphene onto a layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to create a heterostructure. This composite anode has higher capacity and faster charging than pure graphite anodes due to the intercalation reaction between the MoS2 and lithium ions. The MoS2 layer enhances lithium ion intercalation into the graphite. The composite can be manufactured at scale using simple methods without requiring high pressures or temperatures.

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Silicon-carbon composite material for lithium-ion battery anodes with improved cycling stability and initial coulombic efficiency compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite has a structure with a porous carbon core filled with silicon particles, surrounded by an outer silicon coating and carbon coating. The porous carbon provides space for the silicon particles to expand without cracking, reducing volume change during lithiation/delithiation. The outer coatings protect the composite and maintain conductivity.

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Composite lithium electrode material for lithium metal batteries with improved cycling stability and reduced dendrite growth. The composite has a hybrid interfacial protection layer containing perfluoropolyether, fluorine lithium, and lithium carbon compounds. This layer coated on a lithium-containing substrate significantly reduces the interface potential of the composite compared to untreated lithium metal, preventing dendrite growth and improving cycle life. The protection layer is formed by coating a slurry of perfluoropolyether and perfluoropolyacid onto the lithium substrate.

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A silicon-carbon negative electrode design for lithium-ion batteries that improves cycling stability and capacity retention of silicon-based negative electrodes. The design involves sandwiching a layer of silicon-carbon negative electrode material between two layers of graphite-coated hollow carbon balls. The graphite coating on the carbon balls prevents volume expansion of the silicon during charging/discharging from crushing the electrode. The adhesive layer between the carbon balls and silicon-carbon layer keeps them separated. This prevents pulverization of the silicon and allows formation of a stable SEI film on the surface. The graphite coating also improves conductivity.

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Electrode design for high capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and reliability. The electrode has two types of particles - one with small volume change during charging/discharging, and another with large volume change like silicon. The small particles are dispersed in a matrix of larger particles to prevent exfoliation during cycling. This prevents peeling of the active material from the electrode. The matrix particles cover, surround, or adhere to the small particles on their surfaces to maintain contact. This prevents particle separation during cycling and maintains electrode integrity. The matrix particles can be graphene or carbon with pores, terminated with hydrogen or fluorine.

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Silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling stability and capacity retention compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite contains a layered structure of graphite and nano-silicon intercalated between the graphite layers. An outer carbon cladding made of a conducting polymer like polyaniline is applied to the composite. The graphite layers buffer volume expansion during cycling, while the conducting polymer enhances conductivity to mitigate capacity fade. The composite preparation involves mixing graphite and nanosilicon, followed by coating with the polymer.

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Composite electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved stability, processing, and cycle performance. The composite electrode material has a coating layer containing Li2ZrO3, Li2AlO4, or Li4TiO4 that varies in crystallinity from the inside to the outside. This gradient structure reduces residual alkali content and improves stability compared to random crystallinities. The coating layer also improves processing by dispersing and embedding the active material particles. The composite electrode material shows higher rate capability, cycle stability, and electrolyte stability compared to uncoated materials.

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A composite material for negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries that improves cycle life and capacity retention compared to traditional silicon-based negative electrodes. The composite has a structure with voids between the active material particles, graphene compound, and binder. The voids are filled with additional graphene compound and binder. This provides a physical support network for the active material particles that reduces stress and particle pulverization during cycling. The graphene compound also improves electrical conductivity and adhesion. The composite allows higher silicon loading, reducing volume changes and improving cycle life.

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A composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a two-dimensional nickel organic framework (2D Ni-MOF) for high-performance energy storage applications like batteries and supercapacitors. The composite combines the benefits of both rGO and 2D Ni-MOF. The rGO provides high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, while the 2D Ni-MOF provides high surface area and pseudocapacitive behavior. The composite can be prepared by mixing dispersions of the two components, then reducing the graphene oxide to form the rGO/Ni-MOF composite. This synergistic composite improves discharge capacity per weight compared to using just Ni-MOF, and can be used in thin-film electrodes for high-performance energy storage devices.

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Amorphous transition metal hydroxide electrode material for energy storage devices with improved rate capability and cycle life compared to crystalline transition metal hydroxides. The amorphous hydroxide is prepared by electrochemical deposition on a porous conductive substrate using a specific electrolyte composition. The electrolyte contains both a soluble metal salt and a water-soluble macromolecule. The macromolecule regulates the diffusion of metal ions during deposition, preventing crystallization and resulting in an amorphous hydroxide structure. This amorphous hydroxide has improved rate performance and cycle stability compared to crystalline hydroxides.

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Low-temperature lithium-sulfur battery cathode material, preparation method, and battery. The cathode material is a sulfur-based composite with a doped transition metal like copper. The dopant improves ionic conductivity at low temperatures. The composite is prepared by doping sulfur with a transition metal during battery electrode formation. This provides a superionic conductor-transition metal sulfide in the cathode to anchor discharge products and facilitate fast ion transport. It enables high-capacity, fast-charging lithium-sulfur batteries operating from -40 to 60°C.

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Multi-layer composite electrode for energy storage devices like batteries and capacitors that have high energy density and improved power density compared to single-layer electrodes. The multi-layer electrode is made by coating multiple layers of active material, conductive agent, and binder on each side of the current collector. The thickness and composition of the active material layers are optimized by controlling the conductive agent ratio in each layer based on the distance between particles. This reduces overall electrode thickness while maintaining conductivity.

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Composite electrode for all-solid-state metal lithium batteries with improved stability and performance. The composite electrode has a three-dimensional structure with nickel lithium manganate as the main component supported by metal oxide particles. This composition provides high stability and low interface impedance compared to traditional electrodes. The metal oxide support improves adhesion and prevents lithium plating. The three-dimensional structure allows for higher volumetric capacity. The composite electrode is prepared by dispersing metal oxide particles on nickel lithium manganate precursor, drying, and calcination.

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Preparing a hybrid composite for improving energy density and power density of batteries and supercapacitors. The composite is made by reducing a titanium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) using a lithium precursor, then heat treating it. This converts the MOF into a hybrid composite with improved porosity and electrical conductivity. The composite can be used as an electrode material for batteries and supercapacitors to enhance their performance. The composite has a spinel structure and specific surface areas of 10-2000 m2/g, total pore volumes of 0.02-1 cm3/g, and electrical conductivities over 0.01 S/cm.

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Modified cobalt manganese-layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrode material for high energy density and power density in energy storage devices like batteries and capacitors. The LDH is modified with polythiophene or polyaniline to improve structural stability, electrochemical performance, and reduce impedance compared to unmodified LDH. The modification involves adding the polymer to the LDH precipitate and aging before washing and drying. This modified LDH can be used as an electrode material to enhance energy storage devices.

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High-capacity silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that provides improved cycle life and capacity retention compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite material is prepared by coating silicon powder with a vinyl cyanide-based organic polymer containing a sulfur source, then pyrolyzing it under inert gas to form a silicon-carbon composite. The polymer coating reduces pulverization and volume expansion during cycling. The sulfur-grafted carbon from the polymer improves capacity and mitigates capacity fade.

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Silicon-carbon composite material for high performance lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling stability and capacity retention. The composite material has a novel structure where graphene foam is loaded with silicon powder coated with carbon nanotubes. The graphene foam provides mechanical support to prevent silicon pulverization during cycling. The carbon nanotubes on the graphene foam and silicon improve conductivity and interface stability with the electrolyte. The composite electrode has enhanced cycling stability and capacity retention compared to pure silicon electrodes.

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A high-performance electrode for energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors that has improved stability and capacity compared to conventional electrodes. The electrode is based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) with a hierarchical layered structure. The MOF is coated with a composite layer containing cobalt hydroxide or cobalt sulfide. The composite layer forms nanorods and nanosheets on the MOF surface. This structure provides increased surface area, stability, and capacitance compared to MOFs alone. The composite layer can be formed by hydrothermally synthesizing cobalt precursors on the MOF. The MOF can also be carbonized to further enhance performance. The composite-coated MOF electrode shows high capacitance, cycling stability, and rate capability.

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High-capacity negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with excellent conductivity, cycle life, and safety. The material is a silicon composite formed by a network of conductive fibers. This prevents volume expansion issues during charging/discharging that can degrade performance. The composite is made by embedding amorphous silicon nanoparticles in a conductive fiber matrix. The fibers provide electrical continuity as the silicon expands/contracts.

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High-performance core-shell nickel-cobalt-erbium ternary sulfide hollow spherical electrode material for electrochemical energy storage applications. The material is prepared by first synthesizing a silver-diamond-manganese precursor compound through solvent heat treatment of a mixed solvent of isopropanol and polyhydric alcohol containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese salts. Then, the precursor compound is reacted with sulfur source in anhydrous ethanol to form the core-shell nickel-cobalt-erbium ternary sulfide hollow spherical electrode material.

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Metal oxide material for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity, high rate, and stability, and a preparation method that avoids additives and complex structures. The metal oxide has a special microstructure with single crystal, quasi-single crystal, or twin crystal particles containing disordered defects and pores below 5 nm in size. The metal oxide contains metal ions in mixed valence states like Ni, Co, Fe, etc. The preparation involves etching and annealing a precursor metal oxide like NiCo2O4 to form the final metal oxide with defects and vacancies like Ni0.95O0.95. This etching removes some metal ions and dissolves them in acid, leaving behind a oxide rich in defects and vacancies. The annealing step completes the transformation.

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Composite electrode material for aqueous hybrid capacitors that provides high energy density and fast charging. The composite contains a porous metal oxide nanocluster formed on a graphene sheet. The nanocluster is created by lithiating metal oxide nanoparticles on the graphene. This increases surface area and diffusion channels for improved capacitance and cycling compared to plain nanoparticles. The composite as an electrode in an aqueous hybrid capacitor achieves specific capacitance multiple times higher than conventional nanoparticles, enabling high energy densities and fast charging.

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Energy storage device with high capacity electrodes using a combination of transition metal oxide nanowires and conductive polymer. The electrodes are fabricated by electrospinning the transition metal oxide nanowires and mixing them with a conductive polymer like PVDF and carbon black. The nanowire-polymer composite is applied to a current collector and dried to form the electrode. This provides high specific capacitance due to the nanowire structure and conductive polymer coating. The nanowires are synthesized using electrospinning to produce transition metal oxide nanowires like CuO, NiO, Co2O3, etc. with diameters of 20-100 nm. The nanowires are mixed with the conductive polymer in a weight ratio of 85:5-15:5 for the nanowires and polymer respectively.

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Iron-based electrode material for energy storage devices like supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. The material is a two-dimensional nanosheet array heterostructure composed of Fe7S8 and α-FeOOH grown in situ on an iron substrate. The Fe7S8 is dispersed on the α-FeOOH nanosheets. The in-situ conversion of some α-FeOOH to Fe7S8 enhances electron transfer and improves electrochemical performance compared to pure FeOOH. The heterostructure exposes more phase interfaces, promotes electrolyte contact, and forms intrinsic electric fields for efficient electron transport.

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Silicon/graphite composite material for lithium batteries with improved cycle life and capacity retention compared to conventional silicon-graphite anodes. The composite has secondary particles containing silicon, graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and pyrolytic carbon. The CNTs bridge the silicon and graphite particles to maintain conductivity during expansion/contraction, and the pyrolytic carbon coating reduces volume change and improves SEI stability.

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A composite electrode material for supercapacitors and batteries that has high capacity, rate performance, and cycle stability. The composite is made by growing transition metal selenide on ordered porous graphene aerogel. The composite electrode material is prepared by using graphene oxide solution, metal source, and selenium source as starting materials. The transition metal selenide grows in situ on the graphene aerogel structure to form the composite electrode material. This composite electrode provides improved performance compared to using just transition metal selenide or graphene aerogel alone.

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A composite electrode material for energy storage applications, like batteries and supercapacitors, with improved performance compared to traditional electrode materials. The composite contains a monolayer or submonolayer of metal oxide or hydroxide dispersed on the surface of carbon. This provides high utilization, exposure, and electrical conductivity of the active material. The metal oxide/hydroxide is prepared by coordinating and dissolving it in a ligand solution, then growing it in situ on the carbon surface as the ligand evaporates. The metal oxide/hydroxide loading is 0.1-10% amorphous or 10-99.9% amorphous/crystalline.

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Battery electrode, manufacturing method, and hybrid energy storage device with improved performance and cycle life by preventing transition metal oxide nanoparticles from agglomerating and falling off the electrode. The electrode contains transition metal oxide nanoparticles bonded to carbon nanotubes using a C-O-M chemical bond (M is the transition metal). The carbon nanotubes are intertwined into a self-supporting structure to hold the nanoparticles in place. This prevents nanoparticle aggregation and detachment during cycling. The electrode can be made by preoxidizing the carbon nanotubes, dispersing them in solvent, adding metal oxide precursor, filtering, and drying.

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Hybrid lithium-ion battery-capacitor (H-LIBC) energy storage device with improved energy density and cycle life compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (EDLCs). The H-LIBC combines the advantages of both technologies by using a hybrid composite cathode with a mixture of LIB and supercapacitor materials. This allows access to the LIB material through the porous supercapacitor material for higher conductivity and capacity. The anode has a thin lithium film source to avoid dendrite growth. The H-LIBC has higher energy density than LIBs and longer cycle life than supercapacitors.

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A composite electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity, cycle life, and rate performance compared to traditional metal oxide cathodes. The composite electrode material consists of a first metal oxide like iron oxide (Fe2O3) coated with a carbon material. A second metal oxide like tin oxide (SnO2) is dispersed on the carbon surface or within the gaps. This composite structure provides higher capacity, reduced volume expansion, and improved cycle life compared to pure metal oxides due to the carbon coating and dispersed second metal oxide. The composite electrode material is prepared by solvothermal synthesis of the first metal oxide, carbon coating, and subsequent dispersion of the second metal oxide.

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Gel-state hybrid energy storage device with improved performance and versatility compared to traditional batteries or supercapacitors. The device combines the benefits of both technologies in a single device. The positive electrode is made of sickle-shaped nickel oxide nanomaterials. The negative electrode is a composite of tin oxide and manganese oxide nanomaterials with a core-shell structure. The core is tin oxide and the shell is manganese oxide. This composite provides a higher voltage window compared to pure tin oxide. The device uses a gel electrolyte and separator. The hybrid design enables higher energy density and power density compared to pure batteries or supercapacitors. It also improves charge/discharge cycling stability. The unique assembly method allows compact button or soft pack configurations.

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Electrode compositions for high performance lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity and cycle life. The electrodes contain carbon nanoparticles, metal oxide particles, and surfactants that adhere the metal oxide particles to the carbon nanoparticles. The surfactants prevent aggregation and provide homogeneous dispersion. A binder holds the dispersed particles together on a film to form the electrode. The compositions enable specific capacities exceeding 450 mAh/g when cycled at 0.1 C and reduce capacity fade.

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A nitrogen-doped carbon and carbon nanotube-coated cobalt-based metal oxide composite electrode material for lithium ion batteries that provides high capacity retention and cycle life at high current densities. The composite electrode is prepared by converting a cobalt-based metal organic framework compound into the composite through a stepwise high-temperature treatment process. The treatment involves carbonization followed by nitrogen doping using a gas mixture. This in-situ doping and coating of carbon nanotubes tightly bonds the cobalt-based metal oxide with carbon and enhances ion/electron transfer and structural stability during cycling.

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Electrode material and manufacturing method for lithium-ion batteries with improved conductivity and capacity. The electrode material is a lithium silicate with an olivine structure. The manufacturing method involves mixing lithium and silicon precursors to form a compound, then heating and milling to make a powder. The powder is pressed into pellets and fired at high temperature to sinter the compound into the final electrode material. The olivine structure provides high conductivity and capacity compared to other lithium silicates. The manufacturing method allows controlling the structure and composition to optimize the electrode material properties.

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Nano electrode material with layered sandwich structure for energy storage devices like lithium-ion batteries and super capacitors. The electrode material has high energy density and is made by growing nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheets on a foam nickel substrate, coating graphene on the NiO, and then growing nickel-cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) nanoneedles on the graphene. This layered sandwich structure improves energy storage compared to individual layers of NiCo2O4, NiO, or graphene. The sandwich structure provides high capacitance and can be used as a conductive electrode material in batteries and capacitors.

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Active material, electrode, and battery for high energy lithium batteries with improved lifetime. The active material is a lithium-doped transition metal oxide with added niobium, tungsten, or molybdenum in the conductive layer. The active material is made by pyrolyzing a polymer and then calcining the residue. The doped oxide particles have a conductive layer containing niobium, tungsten, or molybdenum that improves battery life by preventing voltage fade and capacity loss.

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Electrode material for energy storage devices like batteries and capacitors with high surface area, uniform pore size, and high porosity to improve charge/discharge rates, cycle life, and reduce internal resistance. The electrode is made of a fine array of porous materials with a surface area over 100 cm², pore size under 1000 microns, porosity 40-85%, and uniform pore size variation under 20%. This reduces local resistance heating and enables uniform electrolyte diffusion. The fine-array electrode can be used in ultracapacitors with metal oxide coatings, batteries with metal oxide cathodes, or combined with supercapacitors for high power applications.

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Composite electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity and cycling stability compared to graphite anodes. The composite uses MoS2 nanosheets with perforations to increase surface area and electrode kinetics, combined with graphene. The MoS2:graphene ratio is 80-85:5-10. This provides a specific capacity of 1283 mAh/g initially, over 1250 mAh/g after 100 cycles, and 853 mAh/g at high currents, much higher than graphite.

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Preparing a high-capacity and cycling stability lithium composite electrode for lithium-ion batteries using MoS2 nanotiles and graphene. The MoS2 nanotiles are layered structures with reduced layers. The MoS2:graphene composite ratio is 1:2. The composite electrode contains 80-85% MoS2/graphene, 5-10% carbon black, and 10% PVDF binder. This composite electrode has initial capacity of 1253 mAh/g, retaining 1225 mAh/g after 50 cycles and 1135 mAh/g after 100 cycles, with enhanced high-rate charge/discharge performance compared to graphite.

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Electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with reduced voltage fade during cycling, especially for high-energy cathodes like NMC, to increase battery life. The electrode contains two lithiated transition metal oxides: a first active material based on a transition metal oxide and a second inactive oxide. The second oxide is activated during cell formation by introducing a redox-active element. This prevents oxygen defects that facilitate migration of transition metals and voltage fade. The redox-active element stabilizes the structure by reducing oxygen irreversibly splitting off during formation. The method involves adding the redox-active element during formation to activate the second oxide.

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