Hybrid Electrodes for Electric Vehicle Battery

Secondary battery with improved fast charging and cycle life for electric vehicles and electronics. The battery has a unique negative electrode structure with two layers on the current collector. The outer layer contains graphite and a silicon-carbon composite with a porous carbon matrix. The composite has silicon grains in the pores and carbon on the surface. The silicon grains have a specific shape to reduce electrolyte decomposition and cycle degradation. The inner graphite layer provides initial charge storage. The outer silicon layer concentrates charge capacity without affecting inner dynamics. The dual layer design improves quick charge capability by shortening ion diffusion paths.

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All-solid-state lithium ion battery with improved cycle stability and performance using a novel silicon-carbon composite negative electrode, composite positive electrode, and solid electrolyte. The silicon-carbon composite anode has optimized three-dimensional interconnected structure with 0.5-1.5 μm silicon particles to prevent volume expansion and cracking during cycling. The composite positive electrode has lithium niobate coatings for space accommodation. The sulfide solid electrolyte enables effective contact with the interconnected anode.

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Battery with improved cycle life for electric vehicles by using a specific structure in the negative electrode. The negative electrode contains a thin film of silicon particles and carbon on the current collector. The silicon particles form columnar bodies inside the film. The carbon is locally present at multiple positions within the columnar bodies. This structure improves cycle characteristics compared to coating just the surface of the silicon particles. The carbon inside the columnar bodies helps prevent exposure of bare silicon during cycling.

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Porous negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling life and high rate capability. The electrode has a porous structure containing a mixture of silicon and graphite anode materials. The surface of the anode particles is coated with a polymeric carbon layer containing phosphide. This improves the tight binding of the anode particles with the conductive agent and adhesive, facilitates electron conduction, and optimizes lithium ion diffusion. The coating conditions are chosen to balance electrode porosity and lithium diffusion resistance.

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Preparation of a cobalt-nickel-yttrium trimetallic hydroxide nanosheet for high-performance energy storage applications like supercapacitors and batteries. The method involves growing a diamond-based zeolite imidazole acid framework (ZIF-67) precursor on carbon cloth at room temperature. Nickel and yttrium are then added to the ZIF-67 precursor in a hydrothermal process to convert it into the cobalt-nickel-yttrium trimetallic hydroxide nanosheet. This nanosheet has high specific capacitance and good rate performance for energy storage due to the abundant redox sites and improved conductivity from the three metals compared to mono- or binary metal hydroxides.

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Electrode for lithium-ion batteries with improved charging capability and methods for manufacturing the electrode. The electrode has two layers, the first layer containing a silicon-carbon composite material with a porous carbon scaffold having micropores and mesopores. The second layer contains a second silicon-carbon composite material with a similar scaffold. This structure increases lithium ion kinetics in the second layer compared to the first layer due to the higher surface area of the second material. The layers are formed by applying dry silicon-carbon composite mixtures with binders via calendering onto a current collector.

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Transition metal oxide composite for energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors that provides higher energy storage capacity and stability compared to existing metal oxides like ruthenium oxide. The composite has a unique nanowall shape formed by hydrothermal treatment and calcination of a transition metal solution. The nanowall structure improves electrochemical performance and stability. The composite can be made by hydrothermally treating a metal solution, calcining it, and then immersing the resulting oxide in an electrode slurry to make a battery electrode.

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Transition metal-carbon composite that has high capacity, excellent battery efficiency, can be used for a long time, and can uniformly and easily prepare a transition metal-carbon composite. The composite includes graphene and carbon nanohorn dispersed in distilled water to prepare a spherical graphene/carbon nanohorn composite through a spray drying method, mixed with a transition metal oxide, and then reduced using a reducing agent to achieve high-density transition.

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Secondary battery with a composite negative electrode that improves capacity, cycle life, and safety. The composite negative electrode contains a graphene coating on a silicon-graphite composite. This structure provides mechanical stability, reduces volume expansion during charging, and prevents pulverization compared to pure silicon electrodes. The composite negative electrode with graphene coating enables high silicon loading in the negative electrode without capacity fade, enabling higher overall battery capacity.

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Composite material for energy storage electrodes that combines conductive polymers with siloxene nanosheets to improve electrochemical performance. The composite is made by coating conductive polymers onto siloxene nanosheets. The coating process involves mixing the siloxene with a monomer solution, adding an oxidizing agent dropwise, washing, and drying. The composite has high conductivity and large surface area compared to pure siloxene, making it suitable as an electrode material for energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors.

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High-performance hybrid composite for lithium-ion batteries that has improved capacity and charging speed compared to traditional graphite anodes. The composite is made by coating graphene onto a layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to create a heterostructure. This composite anode has higher capacity and faster charging than pure graphite anodes due to the intercalation reaction between the MoS2 and lithium ions. The MoS2 layer enhances lithium ion intercalation into the graphite. The composite can be manufactured at scale using simple methods without requiring high pressures or temperatures.

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Silicon-carbon composite material for lithium-ion battery anodes with improved cycling stability and initial coulombic efficiency compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite has a structure with a porous carbon core filled with silicon particles, surrounded by an outer silicon coating and carbon coating. The porous carbon provides space for the silicon particles to expand without cracking, reducing volume change during lithiation/delithiation. The outer coatings protect the composite and maintain conductivity.

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Composite lithium electrode material for lithium metal batteries with improved cycling stability and reduced dendrite growth. The composite has a hybrid interfacial protection layer containing perfluoropolyether, fluorine lithium, and lithium carbon compounds. This layer coated on a lithium-containing substrate significantly reduces the interface potential of the composite compared to untreated lithium metal, preventing dendrite growth and improving cycle life. The protection layer is formed by coating a slurry of perfluoropolyether and perfluoropolyacid onto the lithium substrate.

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A silicon-carbon negative electrode design for lithium-ion batteries that improves cycling stability and capacity retention of silicon-based negative electrodes. The design involves sandwiching a layer of silicon-carbon negative electrode material between two layers of graphite-coated hollow carbon balls. The graphite coating on the carbon balls prevents volume expansion of the silicon during charging/discharging from crushing the electrode. The adhesive layer between the carbon balls and silicon-carbon layer keeps them separated. This prevents pulverization of the silicon and allows formation of a stable SEI film on the surface. The graphite coating also improves conductivity.

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Electrode design for high capacity lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and reliability. The electrode has two types of particles - one with small volume change during charging/discharging, and another with large volume change like silicon. The small particles are dispersed in a matrix of larger particles to prevent exfoliation during cycling. This prevents peeling of the active material from the electrode. The matrix particles cover, surround, or adhere to the small particles on their surfaces to maintain contact. This prevents particle separation during cycling and maintains electrode integrity. The matrix particles can be graphene or carbon with pores, terminated with hydrogen or fluorine.

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Silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycling stability and capacity retention compared to pure silicon anodes. The composite contains a layered structure of graphite and nano-silicon intercalated between the graphite layers. An outer carbon cladding made of a conducting polymer like polyaniline is applied to the composite. The graphite layers buffer volume expansion during cycling, while the conducting polymer enhances conductivity to mitigate capacity fade. The composite preparation involves mixing graphite and nanosilicon, followed by coating with the polymer.

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Composite electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved stability, processing, and cycle performance. The composite electrode material has a coating layer containing Li2ZrO3, Li2AlO4, or Li4TiO4 that varies in crystallinity from the inside to the outside. This gradient structure reduces residual alkali content and improves stability compared to random crystallinities. The coating layer also improves processing by dispersing and embedding the active material particles. The composite electrode material shows higher rate capability, cycle stability, and electrolyte stability compared to uncoated materials.

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A composite material for negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries that improves cycle life and capacity retention compared to traditional silicon-based negative electrodes. The composite has a structure with voids between the active material particles, graphene compound, and binder. The voids are filled with additional graphene compound and binder. This provides a physical support network for the active material particles that reduces stress and particle pulverization during cycling. The graphene compound also improves electrical conductivity and adhesion. The composite allows higher silicon loading, reducing volume changes and improving cycle life.

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A composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a two-dimensional nickel organic framework (2D Ni-MOF) for high-performance energy storage applications like batteries and supercapacitors. The composite combines the benefits of both rGO and 2D Ni-MOF. The rGO provides high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, while the 2D Ni-MOF provides high surface area and pseudocapacitive behavior. The composite can be prepared by mixing dispersions of the two components, then reducing the graphene oxide to form the rGO/Ni-MOF composite. This synergistic composite improves discharge capacity per weight compared to using just Ni-MOF, and can be used in thin-film electrodes for high-performance energy storage devices.

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Amorphous transition metal hydroxide electrode material for energy storage devices with improved rate capability and cycle life compared to crystalline transition metal hydroxides. The amorphous hydroxide is prepared by electrochemical deposition on a porous conductive substrate using a specific electrolyte composition. The electrolyte contains both a soluble metal salt and a water-soluble macromolecule. The macromolecule regulates the diffusion of metal ions during deposition, preventing crystallization and resulting in an amorphous hydroxide structure. This amorphous hydroxide has improved rate performance and cycle stability compared to crystalline hydroxides.

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