Innovations in EV Batteries with Lithium-Metal Anodes

Negative electrode for lithium metal batteries with improved cycle life and reduced volumetric change during charging. The negative electrode has a protective layer on the lithium metal surface with particles sizes between 1-100 microns. The protective layer has a Young's modulus of 106 Pa or greater. This provides mechanical strength to prevent dendrite growth and volumetric expansion during charging. The protective layer also improves lithium deposition density compared to bare lithium metal electrodes.

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Lithium metal composite electrode material for lithium metal batteries with improved cycle stability and reduced dendrite formation compared to conventional lithium metal electrodes. The composite electrode material has a lithium-containing conductive layer grown in situ on the surfaces of lithium metal particles. This layer isolates the lithium metal from the electrolyte to reduce irreversible reactions and dendrite growth. The layer includes an inorganic lithium compound and lithium alloy. The layer serves as a 3D framework structure that coats the lithium metal particles. This framework reduces volume expansion and dendrite formation during cycling. The composite electrode material is prepared by mixing lithium metal, a metal compound, and conductive carbon, then heat treating to grow the in situ layer.

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A lithium metal negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries that addresses the issues of dendrite formation and interface side reactions. The electrode has a porous carbon layer with pores formed by desorbing adsorbed gas during slurry coating. This creates a 3D pore structure in the carbon layer that prevents dendrite growth and reduces side reactions compared to a smooth carbon layer. The pore structure allows lithium metal to deposit inside the pores instead of on the surface, reducing dendrite formation. The pores also provide a pathway for lithium ion transfer, mitigating side reactions.

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Batteries with improved safety, cycling stability, and energy density by using lithiated carbon-coated lithium metal anodes, sulfurized carbon cathodes, and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) modified separators. The lithiated carbon coating on lithium metal prevents dendrite formation during charging, the sulfurized carbon cathodes have high capacity and reduced polysulfide shuttle, and the GNR-modified separators prevent sulfur migration.

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Lithium metal negative electrode for lithium metal secondary batteries that can suppress dendrite growth and improve cycle life. The electrode has a thin protective layer containing diazonium ions chemically bonded to the lithium metal surface. The layer is formed by reacting an amine and nitrite compound on the lithium metal. This simplified process allows a uniform, nanoscale protective layer to form on the lithium metal without complex equipment like ALD. The diazonium ions bond to the lithium metal surface and suppress dendrite growth compared to bare lithium.

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Highly pure lithium metal anode for lithium metal batteries that overcome purity issues limiting capacity and cycle life. The anode is made by electroplating lithium onto a conductive substrate in an enclosed cell with blanketed atmosphere. The lithium displaces electrolyte to bond the inner face to the substrate and outer face to the separator. This provides a lithium anode with less than 5 ppm impurities compared to commercial lithium foils. The purer lithium anode enables higher cycle life and prevents dendrite formation.

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In-situ lithium metal intercalation in battery cells to improve stability, performance and longevity, especially during early charge-discharge cycles. The method involves pre-lithiating the battery cell before assembly by placing lithium metal foils on the terminal electrodes and then intercalating lithium ions into the anode during a separate pre-lithiation process. This reduces initial lithium loss and improves voltage uniformity compared to traditional pre-lithiation methods.

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Lithium metal secondary battery with improved cycle life by preventing electrode group deformation and buckling during charging and discharging. The battery uses austenitic stainless steel or oxygen-free copper foil as the negative electrode current collector and has specific inter-electrode spacing in the wound electrode group. The spacing is larger in the region closer to the inner diameter of the electrode group and has a minimum ratio of 2:1 compared to the outer region. This prevents concentration of stress at the inner diameter during expansion of the lithium-plated negative electrode and prevents buckling and electrode separation.

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A solid electrolyte film for solid state batteries with improved stability and conductivity when used with lithium metal anodes. The film has three layers made of a single sulfide solid electrolyte material. The layers are: a lithium metal stable layer, a lithium dendrite inhibition layer, and a high-conductivity layer. This layered structure prevents lithium metal reaction with the electrolyte, stops dendrite growth, and maintains high conductivity.

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Electrode designs and processes for lithium metal batteries that improve performance and stability compared to conventional lithium metal anodes. The designs involve layering materials on copper current collectors to form electrodes with specific compositions and interfaces. One design is a zinc-brass-lithium stack where a zinc layer is sandwiched between brass and lithium. The zinc prevents direct contact between copper and lithium, reducing side reactions. Another design is a zinc-lithium stack with a diffusion interlayer between copper and zinc. This allows gradual intermixing of zinc and copper without forming brittle compounds. The compositions and layering aim to provide stable electrode-electrolyte interfaces and reduce dendrite growth for improved cycle life and safety in lithium metal batteries.

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Abstract Nickelrich layered cathodes and lithium metal anode are promising for the next generation highenergydensity batteries. However, unstable electrodeelectrolyte interface induces structural degradation battery failure under highvoltage highloading conditions. Herein, we report a fluorosilanecoupled electrolyte stabilizer with 1H, 2H, 2Hperfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (PFOTMS), which presents higher adsorption energy LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn O 2 cathode than solvents through conjugation of SiO bonds therefore is oxidized on its surface to derive an interfacial layer rich in F species. This architecture effectively stabilizes structure, suppresses transition migration, promotes Li + conduction uniform deposition, also side reactions both anode. unique stabilization mechanism enables Li||NCM811 achieve capacity retention rate 80.8% after 600 cycles at 4.7 V. The Li||LiCoO cell high mass loading 20 mg cm 2 achieves remarkably highcapacity 92.79% 500 4.4 work proposes that overcomes limitations practical nickelrich cathode/lithium

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Additive for lithium metal batteries that reduces dendrite growth and improves battery life. The additive is an ionic liquid compound that forms a uniform protective layer on lithium metal during charging/discharging. The compound has a cation with a lower reduction potential than lithium, and a symmetrical structure with even numbers of identical aliphatic groups bonded to the central element. This prevents self-aggregation and allows complete coverage of the lithium surface. The additive can be added to the electrolyte to suppress dendrite growth, induce uniform lithium deposition, and improve battery life and safety compared to conventional additives.

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Lithium metal anode for lithium-ion batteries that reduces dendrite growth and improves battery lifetime. The anode has a protective layer containing LiF and LiI. The layer is deposited by simultaneously evaporating LiF and LiI compositions. The LiI leaches out during cycling and replenishes lithium lost from the cathode, mitigating dead lithium accumulation.

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Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur batteries that improves capacity and lifetime of the battery by preventing sulfur leaching and lithium metal dendrite formation. The electrolyte contains a sulfide compound additive in addition to the lithium salt and organic solvent. The sulfide compound helps stabilize the lithium metal anode and reduce sulfur dissolution from the cathode during cycling. This improves efficiency, capacity retention, and cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries compared to conventional electrolytes.

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Lithium metal battery with improved capacity retention and reduced resistance by adding a thin metal layer between the negative electrode and the lithium metal, and dispersing metal particles in the negative electrode active material. The metal layer and dispersed particles homogenize lithium plating to prevent dendrite formation and reduce resistance.

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Lithium-ion battery electrode composition that eliminates the need for solvents in the coating process and prevents solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation during battery cycling. The electrode composition is made by mixing lithium organic compounds like dilithium terephthalate or dilithium 2-aminoterephthalate with active material powder and binder to form a solvent-free electrode agglomeration. This dry coating technique reduces energy consumption compared to wet coating methods. The lithium organic compounds stabilize the electrode-electrolyte interface, preventing SEI formation and irreversible capacity losses.

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Protective layer for preventing dendrite growth and suppressing dead lithium formation in lithium metal batteries. The protective layer is a composite polymeric substance (CPS) coating containing two or more polymers, lithium salts, and ceramic oxide particles. The CPS coating is applied to the lithium metal surface to block dendrite penetration and convert dendrites into desirable compounds like LiF, Li3N, and Li2O. The CPS coating provides mechanical strength to physically block dendrites and chemical conversion of dendrites into stable compounds.

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Lithium (Li) metal is recognized as a highly promising anode material for nextgeneration highenergydensity batteries. Nonetheless, dendrite growth and low coulombic efficiency significantly impede the practical application of Li anodes. The deposition morphology chemical stability are intricately linked to its crystallographic orientation. This study presents substrate engineering approach that employs singlecrystalline Nickel (Ni) facilitate epitaxial due their excellent lattice matching. findings reveal Ni(110) exhibits more pronounced heteroepitaxial effect than Ni(111). A robust {110}textured was prepared on with uniform planar lower selfdiffusion barrier Li(110) plane. improves cycling in NiLi cells full cells. Notably, Li||LiFePO4 cell utilizing high capacity retention 109.6 mAh cm2 over 350 cycles at 1 C under negativetopositive ratio 1.26. investigation highlights crucial role substrateinduced heteroepitaxy improving plating/stripping dynamics provides insights development stable anodes by orientation modification.

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An anodeless lithium metal battery with improved energy density and reduced dendrite formation compared to conventional lithium metal batteries. The battery uses a composite electrolyte containing lithium metal or lithium alloy instead of a separate anode. During discharge, the composite electrolyte releases lithium ions that electrodeposit onto the lithium metal/alloy surface, forming an interconnected structure bound to the anode current collector. This prevents dendrite growth and swelling issues of a planar lithium anode. The composite electrolyte is prepared by combining lithium particles with the liquid electrolyte and coating it on the anode.

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The integration of polymerbased electrolytes into nextgeneration lithiummetal batteries (LMBs) offers significant potential for enhancing energy density and safety. However, their development is impeded by challenges such as low ionic conductivity at room temperature, anion polarization effects, a lithiumion transference number. This investigation aims to address the limitations combining singleion conductive polymer (SICP) ether network (EPN) electrolytes. interwoven structure SICP EPN ensures uniform distribution, facilitating efficient delocalized transport. Utilizing sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoridecohexafluoropropylene)based with enhances conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical strength. optimized SICPEPN membrane exhibits an 10 4 S cm 1 , stability window exceeding 4.9 V, transport number 0.58 30 C. Li/SICPEPN/NCM811 cell demonstrates initial discharge capacity 189 mAh g Coulombic efficiency 99.7% 0.1 C C, maintaining minimal fading after 250 chargedischarge cycles 0.5 C. These findings highlight present viable econom... Read More

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The development of next-generation energy storage systems critically demands anode materials with exceptional ion capacity and structural robustness. Bonded heterostructures offer distinct advantages over conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayers by synergistically stabilizing lattice frameworks through interfacial interactions. 2D hybrid lattices composed honeycomb kagome structures have garnered significant attention due to their unique geometries tailored electronic states. Herein, via first-principles calculations, we propose a strongly bonded 12-borophene (12-B)/hybrid honeycombkagome silicene (hhk-Si) heterostructure as high-performance for lithium/sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs). This configuration exhibits superior stability compared van der Waals counterparts, evidenced machine learning-accelerated ab initio molecular dynamics simulations spanning an extended 100 ps timeframe. demonstrates intrinsic robustness during multi-ion intercalation, coupled stable adsorption sites featuring ultralow diffusion barriers (Li: 0.35 eV; Na: 0.20 eV). Notably, the predicted max... Read More

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Abstract The application of polymer electrolytes in highperformance lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is usually restricted by their sluggish ion conduction, and inferior electrochemical stability compatibility with electrodes. Here, a cationic copolymerbased electrolyte PMC developed. copolymer acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (AETTFSI), hexafluorobutyl acrylate (HFBA), N, Nmethylenebisacrylamide (MBA) synthesized photopolymerization carbonate electrolytes. facilitates the salt dissociation, adjusts Li + interaction chain, regulates solvation environment, thus promotes fast transport (ionic conductivity 7.19 10 4 S cm 1 , transference number 0.84) uniform deposition. electrochemically stable up 4.43 V versus /Li forms solid interphase (SEI) anode, supporting longterm (1500 h) plating/stripping test at 0.2 mA 2 mAh . Li/PMC/LiFePO 4 cell shows excellent 1C high specific capacity 134.2 g even 5C. voltageresisting, LiFrich cathode interface (CEI) LiCoO 2 Li/PMC/LiCoO over 100 cycles retention 96%. Nonflammability ... Read More

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Non-destructive, in-line quality inspection of thin lithium metal anodes in battery cells using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping of the copper current collectors. By measuring the intensity of characteristic copper radiation through the lithium anode and into the current collector, the lithium thickness and defects can be inferred without analyzing the lithium itself. This allows non-contact, non-destructive, in-line characterization of thin lithium anodes during manufacturing to improve quality control and reduce scrap.

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Electrochemical cells with interlayers between the anode and cathode to prevent dendrite growth and mitigate safety issues like short circuiting and thermal runaway. The interlayer has a thickness that increases towards the cathode end. If a dendrite grows into the interlayer, it can be detected by monitoring the voltage potential. A battery management system can then discharge the cell and use the remaining energy to power other devices, removing cell energy to create a safe condition. The interlayer voltage can also be actively changed to stop dendrite growth or dissolve it.

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Electronic cigarette cartridge design that allows replacing just the absorbent element when the tobacco liquid runs out, instead of the entire cartridge. The cartridge has a liquid container with a sealing membrane at the bottom. Below the membrane is a puncturing unit with an elastic element. The heater is attached to the puncturing element. When the cartridge is assembled, the puncturing element punctures the membrane and seals the liquid in the container. The elastic element compresses to hold the puncturing element and membrane. When the liquid runs out, the elastic element extends to lift the puncturing element and membrane, allowing new liquid to be added. This prevents leakage when the cartridge is inserted into the battery assembly. The cartridge can be disassembled and just the absorbent element replaced.

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Abstract Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) using highvoltage nickelrich layered cathode (LiNi x Co y Mn 1xy O 2 , NCM, x 0.9), though delivering high energy density, suffer from critical instability of electrode/electrolyte interphases and structural degradation NCM cathodes, causing rapid capacity fading. Here, trimethoxyboroxine (TMOBX) is used as a lithiumion coordination regulator in the commercial carbonate electrolyte to improve cycling stability LMBs at voltage. Owing strong polarized BO bonds, TMOBX not only prefers interact with Li + because electron density O, but also attracts more PF 6 solvation structure due positively charged B, resulting robust ionic conductive electrode/ rich PF compounds, BF species. Moreover, effectively eliminates HF electrolyte, all which can avoid lithium dendrites, suppress corrosion LiNi 0.9 0.05 (NCM90) dissolution transition ions. Consequently, Li/Li symmetrical cells exhibit highly enhanced 500 h 1 mA cm 2 retention Li/NCM90 increases 45.7% 80.5% after 100 cycles an ultrahigh cutoff voltage 4.7 V.

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Lithium metal battery with improved energy density and safety compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The lithium metal battery has a unique design where the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode is equal to or larger than that of the lithium metal negative electrode. This prevents issues like lithium dendrite growth and short circuits that can occur when the negative electrode has a larger area. The equalized electrode areas improve battery performance and safety.

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This study advances anode-free lithium-metal batteries (AFLMBs) by integrating nickel-rich NMC90 cathodes and fluorine-rich electrolytes in large-format 18650 cylindrical cells. A key innovation is the incorporation of 10 wt % Li-rich Li2NiO2 as a prelithiation agent cathode, which mitigates initial lithium-loss improves Coulombic efficiency. The electrolyte includes 30% (v/v) fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) cosolvent, suppresses inactive lithium deposition stabilizes solid interphase (SEI). Unlike conventional AFLMBs that require external pressure, this work uses stainless-steel casing with tailored jelly roll configuration to mechanically regulate plating. optimized cells deliver an energy density 320 Wh/kg, maintain stable cycling over 140 cycles, support 4C-rate operation. Post-mortem analysis reveals LiF-rich SEI extends cycle life, while operando X-ray diffraction provides insights into structural evolution. research offers scalable strategy for high-energy through synergy prelithiation, design, mechanical stabilization.

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Composite metal foil for lithium metal batteries with improved lithium plating properties to enhance battery performance. The composite foil has a first metal layer (copper, nickel, stainless steel) and a second metal layer with a contact angle to lithium metal lower than 90 degrees. This lithiophilic second layer promotes favorable lithium nucleation and deposition morphology compared to bare first layer foils.

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A composite separator material for lithium metal batteries that improves stability and prevents dendrite growth during cycling. The composite separator has a polymer film coated on at least one side with a MXene material, a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, nitride, or carbonitride. The MXene coating promotes uniform lithium nucleation, stable SEI formation, and suppresses dendrite growth compared to uncoated separators.

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Solid state batteries with reduced dendrite formation and voids in lithium metal anodes, improved energy density, and simplified manufacturing compared to conventional solid state batteries. The key innovation is a porous ceramic electrolyte with a low porosity (10-80%) and an intermetallic coating on the surface. The interconnected porous structure allows lower current densities and reduced dendrite growth, while the intermetallic layer stabilizes the lithium-electrolyte interface and directs lithium growth. This mitigates void formation and prevents short circuits. The lower porosity enables thinner electrolytes for higher energy density. The intermetallic coating also facilitates lithium transport and interfacial contact. The porous electrolyte can be formed by sintering, coating, or graded deposition methods.

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Abstract The highvoltage reactivity and flammability of electrolytes remain critical challenges for highsafety highenergydensity lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, a novel ceramicether coupling electrolyte (CCE) is reported, in which thin liquid layer the ether immobilized on particle surface Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 (LLZTO) matrix through coordination interactions. With an LLZTO content exceeding 82%, it demonstrates high plasticity, nonflammability, oxidation voltage threshold above 5.0 V. strong interactions between solvent molecules or anions are revealed, generate cohesive forces that impart highplastic rheological behavior to matrix, ensuring conformal contact at solid/solid interfaces. These also lead loose + solvation sheath electrolyte, not only accelerates transport, achieving ionic conductivity 2.7 10 4 S cm 1 , but promotes anion decomposition form inorganicrich cathode interphase (CEI). This enables Li/LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 2 (NCM811) cells operate stably cutoff 4.5 work can open up new insights into design safety LMBs.

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Stable lithium metal anodes for Li-ion batteries that overcome the issues of dendrite growth during cycling. The anodes use free-standing films of two-dimensional arrays of transition metal nitride and carbide nanocrystals as the framework for Li deposition. The interconnected few-nanometer nanocrystals provide high surface area, fast electron/ion transport, and strong interaction with polysulfides for stable sulfur cathodes. The films can be made by reacting transition metal precursors on salt templates with ammonia.

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Battery cell with improved strength and handling properties for lithium metal anodes using a lithiophilic metal oxide coating on the current collector. The coating helps bond the lithium metal to the collector during manufacturing and operation, preventing voids and delamination. It also increases the strength of the anode without adding weight or resistance like alloying or thicker mesh. The coating material can be selected from zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, or aluminum oxide. The coated collector is then sandwiched between lithium metal layers to create the anode electrode.

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A process to improve the surface of lithium metal coatings on battery anodes for better performance. The process involves calendering the lithium-coated anode foil to flatten the lithium surface and make it parallel with the foil surface. This is done after depositing the lithium and before exposing it to air. Calendering converts the convex lithium surface to a flat, planar surface on the foil. This provides a superior surface for the lithium anode in batteries compared to the original convex lithium layer.

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A lithium metal battery with improved cycle life and reduced dendrite growth by using a protective film containing boron nitride (BN) and a binder on the anode current collector. The gel polymer electrolyte contains BN, a nitrile-based compound, and a liquid electrolyte. The absence of BN in the protective film and lack of BN and nitrile compounds in the electrolyte led to degraded performance due to dendrite growth. The BN in the protective film suppressed dendrite formation and the BN and nitrile compounds in the electrolyte improved ionic conductivity.

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Single-layer anode for a lithium-ion battery that eliminates the need for a separate current collector, reducing weight and volume. The anode active material itself functions as the current collector. The active material contains carbon, silicon, and/or metal oxide without an additional metal foil or grid. This allows lithium plating to occur inside the porous anode material rather than on a separate current collector. The anode has a porosity of 10-90% to facilitate lithiation and plating. The single-layer anode improves cycling stability and reduces the risk of cell failure compared to conventional multi-layer anodes.

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A solid-state battery with improved cycle life by preventing short circuits. The battery has a negative electrode with a coated current collector. The collector has a softer metal substrate covered by a harder metal layer. This reduces scratches on the substrate during cycling. The harder layer prevents irregularities in the lithium plating that cause cracks in the solid electrolyte. This reduces the risk of short circuits. The battery also uses a sulfide-based solid electrolyte to further prevent substrate degradation.

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Solid-state electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that reduces deterioration of the electrolyte during cycling when used with lithium metal anodes. The electrolyte contains a multiple-doping material with a composition LixTiyMm(PO4)3 where 0.85≤x≤1.5, 0<y≤0.6, M is at least three different doping elements, and 1.2≤m≤1.7. The doping elements partially substitute for titanium to reduce its concentration. This prevents reaction of titanium ions with lithium metal anodes that causes deterioration. The substitution keeps ionic conductivity for efficient battery operation. The doping elements have similar oxidation states and ionic radii to titanium for stability.

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The uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites and the unstable interface metal anode/electrolyte inhibit potential large-scale applications batteries. polymer artificial solid-electrolyte layer shows for homogeneity ion flux toward a electrode. Herein, we design an ionic conductive stretchable organogel as protective via in situ polymerization on active anode, which can accommodate volume changes maintain enhanced interfacial contact with propylene carbonate long alkyl ether contribute to inducing uniform Li deposition enhance transport. In addition, membrane adheres tightly effectively eliminate barriers transport at heterogeneous interfaces has strength tending suppress dendrites. As result, Li/Li symmetric cell this polymeric protect stably cycle over 800 h under 1 mA cm-2 without increased polarization voltage, while corresponding metal/LiFePO4 full battery delivers high-capacity retention 102.6, 127.7, 136.7% after 244, 862, 976 cycles 0.3, 1, 2 C. Furthermore, equipped also longer cycling life higher reversible specific capacity (130.24 mAh g-1) C rate performance than bare ba... Read More

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Controlling battery charging to prevent lithium plating on anode surfaces through a novel voltage-based charging strategy. The approach measures the potential difference between reference and anode terminals in each cell and determines the charging current based on the minimum anode potential. This approach prevents lithium deposition by directly controlling the charging current based on the anode potential, eliminating the need for traditional lithium deposition rate measurement. The strategy ensures optimal charging conditions for each cell while preventing excessive lithium deposition.

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Self-supported, porous, 3D, flexible host anode with lithiophilic constituents for lithium-metal secondary batteries that enables fast charging, high cycling stability, and high energy density. The anode has a porosity of at least 70%, thickness between 10-100 μm, and fibers with diameters of 200 nm-40 μm. It contains a primary lithiophilic constituent with dendritic morphology, along with small amounts of additional lithiophilic materials. The open porosity allows rapid lithium intercalation/deintercalation, preventing dendrite formation and mossy lithium. The fibrous structure enables fast diffusion of lithium ions and reduces polarization. The self-supported design eliminates the need for a current collector fo

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An anode material for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries that improves dispersion of metal particles in the anode layer to prevent aggregation and improve cycle life. The anode material is a metal-carbon composite where the metal particles are dispersed and complexed within the carbon matrix. This prevents particle agglomeration compared to blending metal and carbon powders. The dispersed metal-carbon composite provides uniform current distribution in the anode layer during charging/discharging to mitigate dendrite formation and improve cycle stability.

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Solid-state lithium battery electrolyte material with high ionic conductivity and compatibility with high voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes. The electrolyte is a sulfide-based material with a composition of Li, T, X, and A where T is a Group 13 or 14 element, X is a halogen or BH4, and A is S, Se, or N. The material can have glass ceramic and crystalline phases with specific X-ray diffraction peaks. The electrolyte synthesis involves milling and heating precursor compositions to create the final sulfide glass, which can then crystallize into the desired phases.

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All-solid-state lithium ion battery with improved cycle life and reduced dendrite growth for higher capacity and safety. The battery uses an optimized composition and structure for the anode active material layer. The anode layer contains lithium as the active material mixed with amorphous carbon in a weight ratio of 1:3 to 1:1. This ratio enhances adhesion between the lithium and carbon to prevent lithium dendrites from growing through the solid electrolyte. The anode also has a low sheet resistance below 0.5 milliohms-centimeters to further suppress dendrite formation.

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Electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries that improve safety and cycle life. The electrolytes contain acetamide-based solvents like dimethyltrifluoroacetamide (DTA) instead of conventional carbonate or ether solvents. The acetamide solvents have wide voltage windows, stability, and low flammability. They also enable high salt concentrations to form solid electrolyte interphases on lithium metal anodes. This improves anode passivation and reduces dendrite growth compared to carbonate electrolytes. The acetamide electrolytes show better safety, longer cycle life, and lower flammability versus conventional electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries.

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Negative electrode current collector for lithium metal batteries that promotes uniform lithium plating to improve battery performance and stability. The collector has a copper surface with a specific ratio of (110) and (100) crystal planes. This ratio is at least 50%. By heat treating a preliminary copper collector in a hydrogen-argon gas mixture, the desired crystal plane ratio is achieved. The modified collector enables easy lithium nucleation during battery cycling, preventing dendrite formation and improving efficiency, cycle life, and stability compared to conventional copper collectors.

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Alkali metal electrode treatment agents, electrolytes, electrodes, batteries, and modules for alkali metal secondary batteries to improve battery life and prevent dendrite growth. The treatment agents and electrolytes contain acrylate compounds that polymerize on the electrode surface when contacted with alkali metals. The polymer coating suppresses dendrite growth and separates the electrode layers. The acrylate compounds can also be blended into the electrode itself. The treatment agents, electrolytes, and electrodes can be used in alkali metal secondary batteries like lithium-metal batteries with reduced dendrite formation and improved cycling life.

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Solid polymer electrolytes are promising candidates for solidstate Li metal batteries owing to their favorable rheological properties and interfacial compatibility with cathodes anodes. However, limited ionic conductivity low modulus lead inferior electrochemical performance dendrite growth. Herein, we developed a composite electrolyte comprising vermiculite sheets poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix multivariate distribution an anisotropic structure. Within this assembly, some were suspended in the PVDF facilitate salt dissociation Li+ transport, while others tiled on surface, generating dense, highmodulus Li2SiO3rich solid interphase via insitu reduction, which further improved kinetics suppresses As result, high of 1.38 mS cm1 was achieved at room temperature, Li||Li cells displayed robust stability over 3000 h. The all LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||Li full delivered specific capacity 172 mAh g1 0.2 C 86% retention after 500 cycles 0.5 C. Additionally, practical cycle loading (4.4 cm2) pouch cells. Overall, structuring offers novel perspective preparation highpe... Read More

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A metal lithium complex with a 3D carbon skeleton having a highly lithiophilic modification layer, prepared by infiltrating metal lithium into the porous carbon skeleton. The complex has a 3D carbon structure with interconnected pores that reduces expansion and dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries. The lithiophilic modification layer on the carbon pores attracts and retains lithium metal, preventing delamination. The infiltration process allows metal lithium to fully fill the carbon pores without voids.

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