Lithium Iron Phosphate in EV Battery Systems

Preparation method for iron phosphate precursor for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries that improves product quality, reduces raw material waste, and simplifies manufacturing compared to conventional methods. The key steps are: 1) Using iron powder with specific density and particle size distribution. The powder has a lower density (2.3-2.6 g/cm3) and smaller second particle size range (10-30% of total weight) compared to conventional iron powders. 2) Titrated addition of phosphoric acid to iron powder dispersed in water, with controlled reaction temperatures, to prevent rapid heating and reaction rate issues. 3) Heat treating the precursor in air or oxygen. The titrated addition and controlled reaction temperatures prevent excess hydrogen generation, rapid heating, and reaction rate issues. The specific iron powder properties allow slower reaction rates and better control. This reduces waste, improves

Source

All-solid-state lithium-ion battery with improved safety and performance by using a sulfide solid electrolyte in the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator. The battery has a positive electrode with a safety functional layer of olivine-type lithium iron phosphate between the current collector and active material. The active material itself contains a sulfide solid electrolyte along with the regular electrode material. The separator also uses the sulfide solid electrolyte. This eliminates the need for a flammable liquid electrolyte, reducing safety issues like explosion and fire. The sulfide solid electrolyte provides improved ionic conductivity compared to traditional solid electrolytes like oxides.

Source

<title>Abstract</title> In this study, spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) LIBs from electric vehicles were recycled through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical routes. The cathode material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. LiFePO₄, Fe₂O₃, FePO₄ identified as the predominant phases, Fe(OH)₃ Fe₂(PO₄)O secondary phases. Alkaline leaching found to be effective in recovering preserving structural components, such LiFePO₄. residue then used for synthesis of a novel material. Structural morphological characterization XRD, SEM revealed disordered crystalline phase -LiFe₅O₈/-Li₂FeO₃/-Fe₂O₃ with agglomerated grains irregular particle sizes. exhibited pseudocapacitor behavior, specific capacitance 3.0 F g¹ 82% retention over 250 charge/discharge cycles at current density 0.7 A ... Read More

Source

A low-cost, efficient method to recycle lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries and produce high-purity LFP precursor material for reuse in new batteries. The recycling process involves steps like acid leaching, copper electrolysis, iron oxidation, iron phosphate precipitation, and lithium carbonate precipitation. It separates and removes impurities like copper and aluminum from the LFP precursor, reducing impurity content compared to other methods.

Source

High-rate lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved fast charging performance. The LFP cathode material is prepared by a two-stage calcination process to nanize the particles and inhibit agglomeration, while coating them with graphene and carbon. This enhances ion and electronic conductivity for better rate performance. Nitrogen doping of the carbon further improves conductivity. The two-stage calcination prevents carbon film blow-off during high-temperature treatment. The LFP-graphene-carbon composite has high capacity at low rates and maintains good cycling stability.

Source

Abstract The definite lifespan of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) batteries necessitates the advancement costeffective, naturefriendly, and productive recycling techniques for spent LFP batteries. In this study, ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O ), a sustainable economical small organic molecule, is employed as multifunctional hydrogenbonding donor, along with chloride (LiCl), readily accessible Li source acceptor. Together, they form novel Lisalt deep eutectic solvent (DES) through hydrogen bonding interactions. This DES directly repairs rejuvenates cathode material (SLFP) at 80 C. not only replenishes depleted in SLFP reduces adverse effects LiFe antisite defects but also establishes reducing environment that facilitates reversion degraded Fe(III) species back to their original Fe(II) state. Consequently, regenerated exhibits remarkable electrochemical behavior, delivering an initial capacity 155.6 mAh g 1 0.1 C retaining 93% its after 300 cycles 1 C. approach can be scaled up treat large quantities recovered from fully retired batteries, presenting pract... Read More

Source

Abstract: The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly contributed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and advancing sustainable transportation systems. Central the functionality these EVs are lithium-ion batteries (LiFePO4), known for their high energy density long lifespan. However, as EV market continues expand, growing issue battery waste management presents considerable environmental economic challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive overview three main types utilized in vehicles, namely, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) aluminum (NCA) batteries. It examines challenges opportunities recycling disposal within broader context ongoing crisis. As demand clean technologies intensifies, becomes crucial ensure long-term viability renewable systems addressing resource scarcity. review explores complexities involved disposal. discusses four prominent methods that available practice 2024. advantages disadvantages each carefully evaluated discussed thoroughly paper. findings underscore urgent need collaborative efforts among policym... Read More

Source

Lithium-ion battery design to improve cycling performance by forming a stable anode SEI layer when using cathode materials like lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese oxide that have poor SEI formation. The battery contains a SEI layer-forming additive like elemental sulfur or metal sulfides in the cathode coating or electrolyte. This additive migrates to the anode during charging and participates in SEI formation, allowing a SEI with both high-valence sulfur species and low-valence sulfur species. This improves charge transfer and cycling capacity compared to just low-valence sulfur SEI.

Source

Recovering valuable metals like lithium, iron, aluminum, and silicon from waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery positive electrodes using a single-step high-temperature chlorination process. The process involves roasting the electrode material in a chlorine atmosphere at high temperature to form metal chlorides that can be directly distilled and condensed for recovery. This avoids the need for multiple leaching and extraction steps using large amounts of acids and bases. The high-temperature chlorination process allows direct distillation and condensation of the metal chlorides for recovery.

Source

Abstract The growing number of spent LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries presents a major challenge. Traditional recycling methods are economically inefficient and environmentally harmful, there is an urgent need for innovative ecofriendly solution. This study constructed novel direct regeneration approach LFP using melamine phytate lithium through onestep solidstate sintering process. Phytate served as essential supplement, whereas acted electron donor nitrogen source. reducing environment created by pyrolysis conducive to eliminating Fe Li defects reconstructing + diffusion channels. Additionally, the Ndoped carbon layer derived from N atoms in can form more active sites that improve electrical conduction properties regenerated (RLFP) material. RLFP exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. Compared with LFP, it significantly higher initial capacity 150 mAh g 1 at 0.2 C. After 300 cycles 1 C, retained 82% its capacity. At 5 cycling stability, retention rate 77% after cycles, comparable commercial products. Overall, costeffective sustainable strategy retired determined... Read More

Source

Battery cell design for electric vehicles with improved thermal stability and reduced risk of thermal runaway compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The design uses lithium metal anodes and LFP cathodes in the cell. The anode active material is lithium metal, and the cathode active material is LiFePO4 (LFP) with a carbon coating. The separators have a substrate made of materials like polyolefin, cellulose, PVDF, or porous polyimide, with a coating layer like ceramic, polymer, alumina, LATP, PVDF, or PMMA. This cell configuration with lithium metal anodes and LFP cathodes on specialized separators provides improved thermal stability and reduced thermal runaway compared to NMC/NCA cells with graphite anodes.

Source

The rapid advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage systems has significantly increased the demand for reliable efficient battery technologies. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are particularly suitable these applications due to their superior thermal stability long cycle life. A critical parameter in optimizing performance LFP is open-circuit voltage (OCV), essential accurate state charge (SoC) estimation. determination OCV challenging relaxation effects post-charging/discharging, causing changes up 24 h or even more until stabilization. This paper presents a novel statistical model estimation that employs an online observer detect knee/elbow point curve. By utilizing at initial voltage, accurately computes stabilization point. proposed method, validated with extensive experimental data, achieves high accuracy, computed error less than 0.26% charging under 1.2% discharging.

Source

A low-cost, high-purity iron production method for lithium-ion battery cathodes like lithium iron phosphate (LFP). The method involves solid-state reduction of iron-containing ores to metallic iron, followed by dissolving the iron in acidic aqueous solution. The dissolved iron can then be used as a precursor for lithium iron phosphate cathode materials. The dissolution step removes impurities and allows separation of the iron. The dissolution conditions are optimized using gases like oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to increase solubility and dissolution rate.

Source

LiFePO4 (LFP) undergoes a two-phase transformation during lithium insertion or extraction, forming lithium-rich and lithium-poor phases. Determining the kinetic parameters of these phases is crucial for electrochemical models but remains challenging. In this study, we decouple reaction diffusion kinetics Li-rich Li-poor in LFP cathodes using single-particle impedance spectroscopy (EIS). agglomerates comprising primary particles are fabricated into microelectrodes. EIS measurements conducted on single at various ratios. A physics-based model developed phase-transformation electrodes, evolution exchange current density (i0) coefficient (DLi) both extracted. single-phase region, phase exhibits steeper change i0 with varying ratios compared phase. coexistence shows higher than Additionally, DLi that regions. We also compare particle sizes to clarify impact size kinetics. The proposed impedance-based approach decouples cathodes, extracted serve as basis developing considering transformation.

Source

Preparing a lithium secondary battery cathode with improved energy density by synthesizing a bimodal-sized lithium iron phosphate cathode active material. The method involves mixing lithium, iron, dopant, sodium, and carbon precursors to make a slurry, pulverizing the particles, then heat treating to form a lithium composite phosphorus oxide. The dopant and sodium control particle growth for a bimodal size distribution of small and large particles. This densely packed structure improves cathode energy density compared to nano-sized particles.

Source

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved rate performance and cycle life. The LFP has a lattice distortion of 0.058-0.08% to reduce lithium ion transfer resistance. The LFP can be prepared by co-doping elements like Na, K, Mg, Ti, V, W, Nb, La, Cr, Mo, Ca, Zn into the Fe and Li sites. The co-doping expands the lattice, increases diffusion coefficients, and suppresses crystal growth. The co-doped LFP has specific surface areas of 7-13 m2/g, median particle sizes of 0.5-2.5 µm, and carbon content of 0-5 wt%. The co-doping and particle size optimizations improve LFP electrochemical properties like

Source

Coating a low-temperature rate type lithium iron phosphate cathode material with a thin film of yttrium titanium oxide (YTO) to improve low-temperature and rate performance. The coating process involves sol-gel synthesis of a mixed metal hydroxide precursor, followed by high-temperature sintering in air to form a uniform YTO film on the lithium iron phosphate surface. This coating reduces the lithium diffusion barrier and accelerates lithium ion transport, significantly improving low-temperature and rate characteristics compared to uncoated lithium iron phosphate.

Source

Battery management system to balance input/output characteristics between different types of assembled batteries like LFP and ternary batteries. The balancing is done by temperature regulation when the overall system temperature is below a reference. The regulation involves raising the temperature of LFP batteries more than ternary batteries using techniques like higher charging/discharging power, larger temperature rising ripple current, and heating. Above the reference temperature, charging/discharging power is increased for ternary batteries to match LFP. This balances calorific values and deterioration rates between battery types.

Source

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved properties like higher capacity, rate performance, and reduced moisture absorption compared to conventional LFP. The improvements come from synthesis methods using precursors like vanadium phosphate and iron phosphate with specific molar ratios, dopant levels, and particle pore structures. The synthesis reduces emissions and eliminates ammonia compared to conventional LFP production. This leads to LFP powders with optimized physical properties like smaller pore sizes and lower moisture absorption, which translate to better battery performance.

Source

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved ionic conductivity and higher energy density compared to undoped LiFePO4. The cathode material has a granularity of D50 greater than or equal to 1 um. The improved ionic conductivity is achieved by adding secondary phosphate phases (LiMxPyp) near the surface of the core LiFePO4 phase. The secondary phase dopants contain transition metals or main group elements like Mn, Co, Gd, In, V, Zr, etc. The doped LiFePO4 cathode material has higher ionic conductivity and can be prepared using a precipitation process to control particle size. This allows higher loadings and bulk density compared to nanoscale LiFePO4.

Source