Lithium Iron Phosphate in EV Battery Systems

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved rate performance and cycle life. The LFP has a lattice distortion of 0.058-0.08% to reduce lithium ion transfer resistance. The LFP can be prepared by co-doping elements like Na, K, Mg, Ti, V, W, Nb, La, Cr, Mo, Ca, Zn into the Fe and Li sites. The co-doping expands the lattice, increases diffusion coefficients, and suppresses crystal growth. The co-doped LFP has specific surface areas of 7-13 m2/g, median particle sizes of 0.5-2.5 µm, and carbon content of 0-5 wt%. The co-doping and particle size optimizations improve LFP electrochemical properties like

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Coating a low-temperature rate type lithium iron phosphate cathode material with a thin film of yttrium titanium oxide (YTO) to improve low-temperature and rate performance. The coating process involves sol-gel synthesis of a mixed metal hydroxide precursor, followed by high-temperature sintering in air to form a uniform YTO film on the lithium iron phosphate surface. This coating reduces the lithium diffusion barrier and accelerates lithium ion transport, significantly improving low-temperature and rate characteristics compared to uncoated lithium iron phosphate.

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Battery management system to balance input/output characteristics between different types of assembled batteries like LFP and ternary batteries. The balancing is done by temperature regulation when the overall system temperature is below a reference. The regulation involves raising the temperature of LFP batteries more than ternary batteries using techniques like higher charging/discharging power, larger temperature rising ripple current, and heating. Above the reference temperature, charging/discharging power is increased for ternary batteries to match LFP. This balances calorific values and deterioration rates between battery types.

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A battery positive electrode material with improved energy density for lithium-ion batteries. The material comprises lithium ferromanganese phosphate as the main active material, along with other lithium-containing phosphates and oxides. The specific composition is: 800g lithium ferromanganese phosphate, 200g lithium nickel cobalt manganate, and 200g lithium cobalt oxide. The lithium ferromanganese phosphate has a median particle size of 15 µm, the nickel-cobalt-manganese phosphate has a median size of 3.2 µm, and the cobalt oxide has a median size of 3.2 µm. The smaller particle sizes of the secondary phosphates

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Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved properties like higher capacity, rate performance, and reduced moisture absorption compared to conventional LFP. The improvements come from synthesis methods using precursors like vanadium phosphate and iron phosphate with specific molar ratios, dopant levels, and particle pore structures. The synthesis reduces emissions and eliminates ammonia compared to conventional LFP production. This leads to LFP powders with optimized physical properties like smaller pore sizes and lower moisture absorption, which translate to better battery performance.

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Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved ionic conductivity and higher energy density compared to undoped LiFePO4. The cathode material has a granularity of D50 greater than or equal to 1 um. The improved ionic conductivity is achieved by adding secondary phosphate phases (LiMxPyp) near the surface of the core LiFePO4 phase. The secondary phase dopants contain transition metals or main group elements like Mn, Co, Gd, In, V, Zr, etc. The doped LiFePO4 cathode material has higher ionic conductivity and can be prepared using a precipitation process to control particle size. This allows higher loadings and bulk density compared to nanoscale LiFePO4.

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Battery management technique that reduces battery degradation by optimizing charge and discharge rates based on the operating mode and state of charge. It involves using two charge/discharge modes: a low rate mode below a certain C rate for normal operation, and a temperature suppression mode to prevent sudden temperature changes. The C rate limit is adjusted between the modes to balance load reduction and temperature management. This allows flexible control of charge/discharge rates to mitigate battery degradation in different operating conditions.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density compared to existing cathodes like LiFePO4. The material is a partially ordered or disordered lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) with manganese-iron ratio 3:7 to 9:1. It has a similar olivine structure to LiFePO4 but with mixed Mn and Fe instead of just Fe. This composition balances the stability and performance of LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4. The partially ordered/disordered sublattice reduces phase separation and improves ionic conductivity. The LMFP material provides higher voltage and capacity than LiFePO4 but lower than LiMnPO4.

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Doped lithium iron phosphate (LiMxMnyFe1-yPO4) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved ionic conductivity and rate performance. The dopants, which can be transition metals or main group elements, are combined with lithium iron manganese phosphate (LiMnyFe1-yPO4) without dopants. This modification increases ionic conductivity compared to undoped LiMnyFe1-yPO4. The dopants modify the ion channels and also enhance electronic conductivity at the carbon coating-matrix interface. The doped LiMxMnyFe1-yPO4 compounds have higher ionic conductivity than LiMnyFe1-yPO4.

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High energy density fast charging lithium iron phosphate battery with improved capacity and cycle life compared to conventional lithium iron phosphate batteries. The battery has a composite lithium iron phosphate positive electrode with lithium supplementary materials, and a negative electrode with fast charging graphite and silicon. The compositions and particle sizes of the positive and negative electrodes are optimized to increase capacity, reduce density, and improve fast charging. This allows the battery to have energy density of 200-220 Wh/kg, similar to ternary batteries, while meeting the needs of passenger vehicle fast charging and cycle life.

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Intelligent lithium battery control system that improves performance, reliability, and safety of lithium battery packs used in electric vehicles, drones, and energy storage systems. The system monitors battery status, optimizes charge/discharge strategies, predicts battery health, manages power peaks, balances energy use, provides remote monitoring, and implements short circuit protection. Algorithmic optimization, temperature management, and data analysis enhance battery performance and longevity.

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A rechargeable lithium-ion battery for energy storage applications like electric vehicles, power tools, emergency lights, etc. that has high cycle life, energy density, temperature range, charge/discharge rate compared to traditional lead-acid batteries. The battery has a lithium-ion chemistry with lithium-rich cathode, lithium titanate anode, and electrolyte to achieve these performance improvements. The battery also uses a customized battery management system to protect against overcharge/discharge. The lithium-rich cathode and anode materials provide higher energy density, while the lithium titanate anode enables faster charging and discharging. The lithium-rich cathode also improves cycle life compared to conventional cathodes. The battery can operate over a wide temperature range (-20 to 65 degrees Celsius) and has a cycle life

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A cooling system for a battery management module used in lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries to prevent overheating and component failure during long-term operation. The cooling system has a housing with a fan, fins, heat spreading plate, and spring-loaded clips to attach to the battery pack. The fan blows air through the fins to cool the internal electronics, and the heat spreading plate transfers heat from the components to the fins. The spring-loaded clips attach the module to the battery pack to provide mechanical stability and electrical connection. This active cooling system allows the battery management module to operate at higher power levels and longer durations without overheating components.

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Lithium battery system with improved performance and reliability by using multiple battery modules with different characteristics and balancing their temperatures. The system has a battery pack with two modules, one with higher energy density but lower temperature range and the other with wider temperature range but lower energy density. A battery management module controls the pack operation based on the modules' characteristics. A cooling control module cools the pack as needed. Temperature conduction between modules balances temperatures. This allows using complementary modules with better overall performance vs. single modules.

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Doped lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries that improves performance compared to regular LFP. The doping involves replacing some of the iron ions in the LFP crystal structure with other elements like nickel, manganese, and magnesium. This creates new bonds like Ni-O and Mn-O that enhance lithium ion diffusion, capacity, and voltage. The doping levels are adjusted to optimize the synergistic effects. The doped LFP is prepared by a liquid-phase method involving mixing precursor salts.

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Lithium iron manganese phosphate (LiFeMnPO4) as a high-capacity cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. The LiFeMnPO4 is prepared by a synthesis method involving mixing LiH2PO4, FePO4, Mn3(PO4)2, and dopants like Ti, Mg, and V, reacting in water, and autoclaving. The resulting LiFeMnPO4 has improved energy density and rate performance compared to plain LiFePO4 due to the manganese substitution. The synthesis method uses a specific solvent and conditions to obtain a unique cube-shaped structure with an intercalated NASICON phase. Carbon coating further enhances the cycling stability.

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Preparing high density lithium iron phosphate (LFP) with improved cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries. The LFP is prepared by mixing iron phosphate, lithium phosphate, and a carbon source in certain weight ratios. The mixed precursor is then heated to form the LFP. The optimized weight ratios result in a dense LFP with higher compaction density compared to conventional LFP. The denser LFP has better cycling stability and capacity retention compared to conventional LFP. The density of the LFP prepared by this method can be around 2.65 g/cm3, which is higher than the conventional LFP density of around 2.55 g/cm3.

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Flaky lithium iron phosphate (LFP) with improved properties for batteries, and a method to synthesize it. The flaky LFP has a composition of LiFe0.3Mn0.7P04. The synthesis involves dissolving iron, manganese, and phosphorus sources in a low temperature solution, adding lithium source, adjusting pH, and hydrothermally reacting at low temperature to produce flaky LFP. The key features are using a specific ratio of iron to phosphorus, low temperature synthesis, and adjusting pH. This results in flaky LFP instead of the usual lumpy or spherical shape. The flaky LFP has higher lithium content, lower impurity content, and better cycling performance compared to conventional LFP.

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Control system and method for lithium iron phosphate battery packs used in electric motorcycles that provides improved temperature management, charge/discharge control, and overall battery health for longer life. The system has a compact layout with staggered cell arrangement in the pack to improve space utilization and heat dissipation. The control module monitors pack status, compensates for temperature, and intelligently charges/discharges to optimize battery performance.

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Lithium iron phosphate battery with improved low temperature and high rate performance for applications like vehicle starting. The battery uses a modified electrode composition and assembly method to enhance performance. It involves adding small amounts of silicon and graphite blended with oxide coating to the negative electrode, carbon coating on the positive electrode, and a porous ceramic diaphragm. This composition and assembly improves low temperature and rate performance compared to conventional lithium iron phosphate batteries.

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