Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode Development for EV Battery

Battery cell design with two separate positive electrode plates to improve energy density and cycle life compared to mixing ternary and phosphate cathode materials. The cell has a positive electrode plate with a ternary material like LiNiCoMnO2 and a separate positive electrode plate with a lithium phosphate like LiFePO4. This avoids issues like gelation, filter blockage, and particle dispersion that can occur when mixing ternary and phosphate cathodes. The separated cathodes are stacked with the negative electrode plate to form the battery cell.

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Battery cells with reduced cost, improved stability, safety, and cycling performance compared to conventional lithium-ion cells. The cells use cathode electrodes with a cathode active material containing LiMnxFe1-x-yMyPO4 (where x, y < 1, M = dopant) instead of nickel-rich cathodes. The anode has graphite with lithium silicon oxide (LSO) or silicon-carbon (Si-C) instead of just graphite. This provides lower cost, thermal stability, and safety versus nickel-rich cathodes and graphite-only anodes.

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A method to prepare lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved microstructure and battery performance. The method involves adding a specific ammonium salt dispersant during mixing of the precursor slurry. The dispersant forms a negatively charged ion group that adsorbs onto the iron phosphate particles. This reduces agglomeration and improves reaction during sintering to produce LFP with better morphology and stability. The ammonium salt decomposes during sintering to reduce byproducts.

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Lithium secondary battery with improved capacity, lifespan, and resistance by optimizing the electrolyte composition for high loading lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. The electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solvents with DMC content between 5-75 vol%. Adding vinylene carbonate (VC) with a weight ratio to DMC of 0-0.2 improves negative electrode stability. This electrolyte allows high LFP loading (450-740 mg/cm2) with good impregnation while reducing resistance and degradation.

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Lithium iron phosphate battery with improved power and cycle life by using a combination of large and small particle size cathode and anode active materials. The battery has distinct median particle sizes for the first and second cathode and anode materials. This mixture of large and small particle sizes improves rate performance while avoiding excessive side reactions and polarization issues that arise from using only small or large particles.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved lifespan and energy density by coating a lithium-rich oxide core with an olivine structure shell. The core contains a lithium-rich oxide like Li2Mn0.33Ni0.33Co0.11O2, while the shell is made of an olivine-structure oxide like LiFePO4. The core-shell structure improves battery life by reducing gas generation during cycling compared to using just the lithium-rich oxide core. The core-shell structure also improves energy density compared to using just the olivine shell.

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Battery balancing method for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries that have a voltage plateau in their charging characteristic curve. The method involves initiating balancing at specific conditions during charging, like when the voltage reaches a threshold or when the SOC reaches a threshold. This allows balancing beyond the narrow flat section of the LFP charging curve.

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Lithium-ion battery positive electrode material with improved performance at low temperatures and during fast charging. The material is lithium iron phosphate coated with a carbon layer having an ID/IG Raman intensity ratio of 0.75-1.2. The carbon coating enhances desolvation of lithium ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, increasing electrical conductivity and rate performance. The ID/IG ratio range promotes the desired carbon structure for electrolyte infiltration and lithium migration.

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Slurry for preparing positive electrode films for lithium-ion batteries with improved dispersion of lithium iron phosphate cathode material. The slurry contains a copolymer dispersant with specific nitrile group and conjugated diene structural units. The copolymer has a mass ratio of residual double bonds calculated by a formula between 0.05-10 mass %. The copolymer dispersant provides better dispersion of lithium iron phosphate particles without aggregation compared to conventional dispersants. This enables uniform coating of the cathode material in batteries for improved performance and cycle life.

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Battery monitoring system for accurately estimating state of charge (SOC) of a battery pack with flat OCV curve cells like LFP, using a virtual cell model and physical cell model. The virtual cell model has a more pronounced OCV curve, like NCM, to provide a definitive output of cell voltage and SOC. The physical cell model has parameters specific to the actual pack cells. By combining the definitive and indefinite outputs, a more accurate SOC estimate is generated for the pack with flat OCV cells.

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Lithium secondary battery with improved low-temperature performance by improving electrode impregnation. The battery uses a specific loading range of 450-740 mg/25 cm2 for the positive electrode with lithium iron phosphate particles. The electrolyte contains additives like compounds represented by Formulas 1-3 in a 0.1-3% range. This improves capacity expression, lifetime, and resistance at low temperatures.

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Charging method for batteries in electric vehicles that improves accuracy of state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries without disrupting normal driving patterns. The method involves calculating the exact SOC during charging by leveraging vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functionality. When the vehicle is plugged into a charging station, it first discharges to 24% SOC to accurately determine the SOC. It then charges back to full. This allows precise SOC determination without relying solely on open circuit voltage (OCV) in the flat voltage range of LFP batteries.

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Composite lithium iron phosphate (LFP) material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries with improved density and capacity. The composite LFP is prepared by coating iron phosphate and lithium sources with a mixture of carbon sources, including synthetic polymer carbon, biomass carbon (carbonized plant fibers), and carbohydrate carbon. The composite LFP has higher compaction density due to the encapsulating carbon coating. This improves the specific capacity compared to uncoated LFP. The carbon fiber coating provides better compaction while the synthetic and carbohydrate carbon sources enhance encapsulation.

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Recycling lithium battery metals using a wet processing method to extract valuable metals from cathode materials like lithium iron phosphate and ternary compounds without pre-separating the battery types. The process involves pyrolysis to convert the batteries to gases and solids, followed by gas cleaning and solid separation. The solids are treated with water to extract metal ions. This allows efficient separation and recovery of metals like lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt from the battery waste.

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Abstract In this study, a multiscale heterogeneous electrochemicalthermomechanical coupling model (MHETM) is proposed. A twodimensional gradient porosity electrode (U1, G2, and G3) 3D macroscopic cell are combined to realize coupled multiphysics field simulation of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery from microscopic particles cells. The MHETM has higher accuracy can more accurately describe the ion transport process inside active particles. results show that design optimizes diffusion path improves rate endofdischarge concentration. Meanwhile, maximum stress displacement G3 significantly lower than those U1 model, respectively. addition, thermalmechanical analysis revealed negative correlation between thermal expansion. introduction macrothermal further facilitates transport, resulting in an increase concentration maxima both models, with significant model. provides effective tool for indepth understanding complex multiphysical mechanism lithiumion batteries.

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With the popularity of electric vehicles, number used lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) batteries has increased significantly, and failure to properly dispose these endoflife power will cause serious harm environment. In this study, an environmentally friendly efficient solidphase method is proposed regenerate spent LFP cathode materials. method, crystal structure materials restored by supplementing using a source, Fe 3 + impurities in are reduced glucose, regenerated carbon coated. addition, Al introduced dope further enhance its repair effect. The test results show that doped material low electrochemical impedance, dischargespecific capacity reaches 148.59 mAh g 1 at 0.05 C multiplication rate, which about 93.38% new (NLFP). retention rate 89.02% after 500 cycles 1 rate. These data indicate doped exhibits excellent recovery cycling stability. This study provides route for recycling waste

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Battery pack with improved low temperature performance by optimizing cell placement and electrode chemistry. The pack has three regions based on temperature simulations at low temperatures. Cells are arranged with the lowest temperature cell closest to the pack walls. The lowermost cell contains a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode with a low-temperature additive containing multiple carbonyl groups. This allows better discharge capacity at low temperatures compared to regular lithium iron phosphate. The adjacent cells also have the additive, but in lower amounts. This balances capacity loss between cells at low temps.

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The rapid growth of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP)-based lithium-ion batteries in energy storage raises urgent challenges for resource recovery and environmental protection. In this study, we propose a novel method selective extraction the resynthesis cathodes from spent LFP batteries, aiming to achieve an economically feasible efficient recycling process. process, leaching H2SO4-H2O2 system is employed rapidly selectively extract lithium, achieving efficiency 98.72% within just 10 min. Through exploration precipitation conditions lithium-containing solution, high-purity Li2CO3 successfully obtained. recovered FePO4 are then used resynthesize cathode materials through carbon-thermal reduction method. A preliminary economic analysis reveals that disposal cost approximately USD 2.63 per kilogram, while value regenerated reaches 4.46, highlighting advantages Furthermore, with acid-to-lithium molar ratio only 0.57-just slightly above stoichiometric 0.5-the process requires minimal acid usage, offering clear benefits. Overall, work presents green, efficient, viable strategy showcas... Read More

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ABSTRACT The rapid emergence of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) to satisfy our ever increasing energy demands will result in a significant future waste problem at their end life. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) as cathode material is now widely used LIBs with market share. It expected that there be volumes battery containing this the near future, and therefore it important develop methods for effectively repurposing LFP mitigate its impact on environment. In work we demonstrate from spent electrocatalysts oxygen evolution reaction (OER) which critical electrochemical water splitting production green hydrogen. Our study has shown recovered once immobilized onto Ni substrate reconstructs into mixed Fe/Ni oxide surface layer highly active OER. Promisingly, were cycled multiple times (up 100 cycles) showed excellent electrocatalytic performance low Tafel slope 58 mV dec 1 , overpotential values 250 310 reach 10 mA cm 2 respectively 24 h stability over 200 . This research provides potential motivation recycling companies isolate Li ion later use electrolysis technologies.

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This study presents a transformative approach to passive thermal management in lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery packs through geometrically optimized aluminum cooling structures. We investigate four distinct configurations - baseline (uncooled), unilateral side plate, inter-cell plates, and molded enclosure using experimentally validated COMSOL Multiphysics simulations under extreme 20C discharge conditions (50 A per cell). The most advanced design, featuring an mold surrounding 90% of each cell's height, achieves unprecedented 11 C reduction peak temperature (from 66 55 C) compared conventional uncooled packs, while maintaining 99.1% original power output (1107 W vs. 1118 W). performance surpasses existing methods rivals many active systems, accomplished three key innovations: 1. patented snap-fit geometry that enhances heat transfer simplifying assembly, 2. strategic material distribution reduces gradients by 32% baseline, 3. cost-effective solution adding less than $1 pack expenses. Furthermore, when combined with paraffin phase change material, the system demonstrates... Read More

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