Titanium Anodes in EV Battery Design

An anode material for lithium-ion batteries that addresses the limitations of low conductivity and gas production in lithium titanate anodes. The anode material is lithium titanate coated with a fluorocarbon modified layer. The fluorocarbon coating improves conductivity and reduces gas generation during cycling compared to uncoated lithium titanate. The fluorocarbon layer forms through a thermal decomposition reaction during sintering.

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Fast ion conductor modified lithium titanate anode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved rate performance and cycle life compared to conventional lithium titanate. The modification involves coating a fast ion conductor like aluminum lithium acid on the surface of nano-sized lithium titanate particles. This in-situ coating reduces side reactions and gas production during charging/discharging, improving stability and cycle life. The bulk doping of aluminum in lithium titanate also enhances ionic and electronic conductivity for better rate performance.

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Lithium titanate oxide (LTO) as a high capacity and long life anode material for lithium-ion batteries used in energy storage systems. The LTO is produced by a simple and scalable method involving stirring titanium dioxide (TiO2) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) in water, heat treating, filtering, washing, and drying the precipitate. The resulting LTO has higher capacity than conventional LTO and good cycling performance.

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Negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries that has improved cycle life and energy density compared to traditional silicon anodes. The material is made by coating silicon oxide particles with carbon and a titanium precursor, then doping with lithium. The carbon layer prevents particle cracking during cycling. The titanium layer enhances conductivity and forms a stable SEI film. The lithium doping improves first cycle efficiency. The coating layers also protect against water during slurry mixing.

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Reducing gas generation in lithium ion batteries with lithium titanate anodes by forming a conformal layer on the anode cores to sequester lithium and prevent electrolyte reduction reactions. The layer is created by leaching lithium from the anode precursor, starting at the surface and penetrating deeper with time. This forms a shell structure around each anode core with low or zero lithium concentration. This layer isolates the anode from direct contact with the electrolyte, preventing electrolyte reduction reactions that generate gas.

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A core-shell structured titanium-based composite material for lithium-ion batteries that improves their performance compared to conventional titanium niobate anodes. The composite has a shell of nano-lithium titanate coated onto the inner core of titanium niobate. The composite has a specific surface area of 1-10 m2/g, median particle size of 4-5 um, and pH of 10-11. The composite composition is 50-65% titanium niobate, 35-50% lithium titanate. The method to make the composite involves sol-gel synthesis followed by solid-state reaction at 600-1000°C.

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TiO2 nanotube array/foamed titanium lithium metal anode material for lithium-ion batteries that reduces dendrite growth and improves cycle life compared to conventional lithium metal anodes. The material is prepared by electrochemically growing TiO2 nanotubes on porous titanium foam, then infusing molten lithium into the nanotube array/foam composite. This provides a 3D framework for lithium to fill, limiting volume expansion and dendrite formation during cycling.

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Defected lithium titanium oxide (LTO) anode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved performance by introducing stabilized defects in the LTO lattice. The defects are created by calcining the LTO and then cold quenching it in a coolant medium. The defects include oxygen vacancies, Ti3+ active sites, subsurface lattice tears, and surface disorder layers. These defects optimize the electronic structure of LTO and change the lithium intercalation behavior to improve kinetics.

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A composite positive electrode active material for all-solid-state batteries with reduced internal resistance compared to conventional composites. The composite has a coating layer on the positive electrode active material that contains spinel-type lithium titanate with composition xTi5O12-yIt, where x > 4 and y < 12. This coating provides higher electron conductivity compared to traditional lithium ion conductive oxides. It reduces interfacial resistance between the electrode and solid electrolyte, lowering overall battery internal resistance. The coating composition range prevents formation of reaction phases at the interface that increase resistance.

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Solid-state battery with improved performance and simplified manufacturing by using reduced lithium titanate (LTO) anodes without electronic conductive additives like carbon or metals. The reduced LTO is made by processing the original LTO at high temperatures in a reducing atmosphere. This reduces oxygen defects in the LTO, improving electronic conductivity. The reduced LTO mixed with solid electrolyte particles forms the anode without needing additional conductive additives. The simplified anode composition reduces complexity and potential incompatibility issues during manufacturing compared to conventional anodes with added carbon or metals.

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A new anode material for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries that can replace traditional zinc metal anodes to improve cycle life and prevent dendrite growth. The anode material is modified titanium disulfide (TiS2) doped with small amounts of other elements like hydrogen, copper, alkali metals, or alkaline earth metals. The doped TiS2 can be synthesized by chemically inserting the elements into the crystal structure of TiS2. This modified TiS2 anode material shows improved cycle stability and prevents zinc dendrite formation compared to pure TiS2, making it a promising alternative to zinc metal anodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

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High capacity lithium-ion battery negative electrode material for electric vehicles that addresses the low energy density limitation of titanium-based materials compared to graphite. The negative electrode uses a composite of titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) and a modified niobium-titanium oxide (TiNb1.98Zr0.02O7-0.1C) in specific ratios. This composition provides higher capacity and energy density compared to using just titanium oxide or niobium-titanium oxide alone. The composite has a specific capacity of 301 mAh/g compared to 165 mAh/g for pure titanium oxide. The synergistic effect of the two oxides improves performance compared to using either oxide alone.

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Lithium titanium oxide (LTO) anode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity and cycle life for energy storage applications. The LTO has a unique nanotube structure with multiple layers separated by 0.5-1 nm interlayer spacing. This layered nanotube morphology provides enhanced lithium ion storage capacity compared to conventional LTO. The nanotube LTO is produced by a simple synthesis method involving stirring titanium dioxide and lithium hydroxide solutions, heat treating, separating, washing, and drying.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with reduced gas generation and improved performance when cycled at high temperatures. The battery uses a positive electrode with a lithium transition metal oxide containing Ni, Co, Mn, and W, and a negative electrode with lithium titanate and a group 5 or 6 oxide. The combination suppresses gas generation compared to using just lithium titanate in the negative electrode, while the positive electrode with the transition metal oxide improves input-output characteristics. The group 5 or 6 oxide coating on the negative electrode surface prevents alkalization and gas formation.

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An anode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and rate performance compared to traditional TiO2 anodes. The material is an anatase TiO2-doped metal oxide with specific compositions. It contains 240-300 wt% anatase TiO2, 160-180 wt% graphite, 165-170 wt% lithium source, 16-24 wt% dopant, 42-44 wt% carbon source, and 52-68 wt% MxOy metal oxide. The anatase TiO2 has a particle size of 10-20 nm. The dopant can be one or more of Al, Mg, Ga, Ge, Sn, Zr, Ca, Sb, and In. The

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Core-shell electrode materials for reducing degradation in lithium-ion batteries. The materials have a core-shell structure where the core is a high capacity active material like lithium titanate and the shell is a polymer. The polymer is covalently bonded to the core particle surface, providing stability against mechanical and chemical damage compared to just physically absorbing the polymer. The core-shell particles are synthesized by coating a polymer onto the core particle surface followed by polymerization. Additional substituents can be grafted onto the polymer prior to coating to further enhance adhesion.

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Lithium zinc titanate/titanium dioxide composite anode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved capacity and cycle stability compared to pure lithium zinc titanate. The composite anode material is made by sintering a mixture of lithium nitrate, zinc diacetate, and tetrabutyl titanate in a molar ratio of 2:1:4-6. The titanium dioxide improves the capacity and cycling performance of the lithium zinc titanate anode.

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A composite material for lithium battery anodes that improves performance compared to traditional carbon-based anodes. The composite contains lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and bismuth titanium oxide (BTO) mixed together. This composite anode active material provides higher capacity, rate capability, and cycle life compared to pure LTO or BTO anodes. It allows for reversible lithium intercalation between the two oxides, improving overall performance. The composite can be made by mixing lithium, titanium, and bismuth precursors, followed by heat treatment.

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An anode active material for lithium secondary batteries with improved electrical conductivity for high-rate charging and discharging. The anode active material is made by assembling primary lithium titanium oxide (LTO) particles with secondary LTO particles that have internal pores dispersed with a conductive material like graphene. This forms an electron transfer path between the primary LTO particles and the conductive material to enhance overall conductivity. The secondary LTO particles have an average size of 5-20 µm with internal pore volume of 10-30% filled with conductive material. This provides higher electronic conductivity and reduced resistance compared to using just primary LTO particles.

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Lithium titanate composite anode material for lithium-ion batteries that improves rate performance and suppresses gas generation. The composite anode consists of lithium titanate coated with a thin layer containing LiAlO2 and SiOx. The coating improves electronic conductivity and reduces gas production during charging. The coating is applied by dispersing LiAlO2 and a silicic acid ester in alcohol, then drying and calcining.

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