Initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) in lithium manganese rich cathodes currently ranges between 75-85%, representing a significant capacity loss during the first charge-discharge cycle. This inefficiency stems from irreversible lithium consumption during solid-electrolyte interphase formation and structural transformations within the cathode material, where oxygen evolution and manganese migration contribute to capacity fade. Measurements across various cell configurations demonstrate that this first-cycle loss translates to 40-60 mAh/g of practically unusable capacity.

The fundamental challenge lies in balancing the high energy density advantages of lithium-manganese-rich compositions against their inherent structural instability during initial activation.

This page brings together solutions from recent research—including rock salt crystal structures achieved through ball milling processes, transition metal inter-superlattice arrangements, double-layer coating approaches with LFP/LMO combinations, and high-entropy configurations synthesized via citric acid combustion methods. These and other approaches focus on practical techniques to preserve cathode structural integrity during formation cycles while maintaining the high capacity that makes these materials promising for next-generation electric vehicle applications.

1. Lithium-Excess Manganese Oxide Cathode with Specific Molar Ratios for Enhanced High-Voltage Stability

LG CHEMICAL LTD, 2024

Cathode active material for lithium-ion batteries that improves voltage stability and capacity retention at high operating voltages. The material, represented by the chemical formula Li1.13Mn0.5651Ni0.3043Mo0.0022O2(0.3Li2MnO3·0.7Li(Ni0.5000Mn0.4998Mo0.0036)O2), has a composition of lithium-excess manganese oxide with specific molar ratios of manganese to nickel and metal content. The material achieves improved performance and stability at high voltage operation by preventing irreversible capacity loss and voltage fading through controlled structural transformations during charge/discharge cycles.

2. Manganese Oxide Cathode Materials with Varying Compositions for Lithium-Ion Batteries

HONDA MOTOR CO LTD, 2024

Manganese oxide cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries that enhance energy density and cycle life. The materials comprise manganese oxides with varying compositions, including lithium-containing and sodium-containing forms, and are produced through controlled synthesis processes. These materials exhibit improved charge-discharge characteristics, reduced thermal stability issues, and enhanced safety compared to conventional cathode materials. The compositions can be formulated with conductive agents and binders to optimize performance in lithium-ion batteries.

US2024158257A1-patent-drawing

3. Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Composition with Single Phase Rock Salt Crystal Structure via Ball Milling

DYSON TECHNOLOGY LTD, 2023

Cathode composition for lithium-ion batteries comprising a single phase rock salt crystal structure, achieved through a ball milling process. The composition is prepared by milling lithium, manganese, and magnesium oxides at room temperature with multiple milling balls, resulting in a disordered rock salt crystal structure without the presence of layered precursors. This composition provides improved cycling stability compared to conventional lithium-rich rock salt cathodes through its single phase crystal structure.

4. Lithium-Manganese-Aluminum Oxide Cathode with Disordered Rock Salt Structure via Ball Milling

DYSON TECHNOLOGY LTD, 2023

A cathode composition for lithium-ion batteries that can be produced through a ball milling process. The composition is made from a mixture of lithium, manganese, and aluminum oxides, with specific ratios of these elements. The composition is prepared by ball milling the starting materials at room temperature or at low temperatures, resulting in a disordered rock salt cathode structure. This milling process preserves the metal cations' oxidation states during the process, enabling the production of a cathode material with desired properties.

5. Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Material with Transition Metal Inter-Superlattice Layered Oxide Structure

UNIV BEIJING, 2023

Lithium-ion battery cathode material with a transition metal inter-superlattice structure that achieves superior electrochemical performance through a novel preparation method. The material, LiNixMlxo2, features a layered oxide structure with a transition metal inter-superlattice arrangement. The preparation process involves a controlled co-precipitation method that enables precise control over the stoichiometric ratio of transition metal elements while maintaining structural integrity. The material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance compared to traditional nickel-based materials, including improved cycle stability and specific capacity retention.

CN115881944A-patent-drawing

6. Manganese Oxide Electrode with Dual-Phase Composition and Pulsed Power Synthesis

KOREA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, 2023

Manganese oxide electrode for lithium secondary batteries with enhanced capacity and stability. The electrode comprises a manganese oxide material that combines single-phase and mixed-phase manganese oxides, with a specific ratio of the two phases. The mixed-phase material has a controlled composition of 1:0.3 to 3.0 first-phase and 0.3 to 3.0 second-phase manganese oxides. The material is produced through a controlled solution preparation process, including the formation of a mixed solution by mixing potassium permanganate and sucrose, followed by the application of pulsed power to the solution using a tungsten electrode. The resulting material exhibits superior electrochemical performance, including enhanced capacity retention and stability compared to conventional manganese oxide electrodes.

7. Layered Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based High-Entropy Electrode with Zirconium Coating and Lithium Interlayer

PEKING UNIVERSITY, 2022

Layered lithium-rich manganese-based high-entropy positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, enabling higher energy density and improved cycle stability compared to conventional cathode materials. The material combines manganese with specific dopants to enhance its performance while addressing common issues like oxygen evolution and degradation. The material's unique structure, comprising a layered composition with a manganese-rich core, incorporates a zirconium-based coating and a lithium-rich interlayer to create a stable and efficient cathode. The material's performance is demonstrated through high-temperature testing, showing superior capacity retention and voltage stability compared to conventional materials.

8. Lithium-Rich Manganese Oxide Cathode with Alternating Layer Rock Salt Structure

DYSON TECHNOLOGY LTD, 2022

Lithium-rich manganese oxide cathode compositions with a rock salt structure for lithium-ion batteries. The compositions achieve improved charge-discharge characteristics and stability through a unique rock salt structure that enables both lithium and manganese ions to occupy alternating layers within the material. The compositions exhibit enhanced capacity retention and voltage profile stability compared to conventional compositions.

9. Lithium-Rich Cathode Material with Disordered Transition Metal Cations in Layered Structure

PEKING UNIVERSITY, 2021

A lithium-rich cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced stability and performance, comprising disordered transition metal cations in a layered structure. The material combines high lithium content with disordered cation arrangements in the layer, enabling improved charge compensation stability and enhanced rate capability compared to conventional layered cathodes. The disordered cations maintain structural integrity during charge and discharge cycles, while the layer spacing is increased beyond conventional lithium-ion battery configurations, enabling better intercalation and retention of transition metal ions.

10. Ester-Modified Lithium-Rich Oxide Cathode with Controlled Oxidation and Uniform Organic Coating

GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2020

Ester-based organic reagent modified lithium-rich oxide positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, enabling improved performance characteristics such as enhanced capacity retention, stability, and cycle life. The material is prepared through a controlled oxidation process in an oxygen-free environment, where a uniform organic coating layer is formed on the surface of the lithium-rich oxide while protecting it from atmospheric reactions. This approach enables the creation of a stable and high-capacity lithium-rich oxide cathode with improved first-time Coulombic efficiency and rapid capacity and voltage stability.

CN111952582A-patent-drawing

11. Lithium-Rich Manganese Oxide Cathode with Oxygen Vacancy-Induced Ion Pathways via Organic Solvent Surface Modification

UNIV GUANGDONG TECHNOLOGY, 2020

A lithium-rich manganese-based oxide cathode material with enhanced cycle stability for lithium-ion batteries. The material is prepared through a novel surface modification process that incorporates an organic solvent to induce the formation of oxygen vacancies in the manganese oxide lattice. This oxygen-rich vacancy structure creates a three-dimensional lithium ion pathway network, significantly improving ion diffusion and charge storage capacity. The modified material maintains its high theoretical specific capacity and wide working voltage window while demonstrating improved durability and cycle life compared to conventional manganese-based oxides.

CN111883746A-patent-drawing

12. Fluorine-Doped Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Composite Cathode with Structured Oxygen Vacancies

UNIV GUANGDONG TECHNOLOGY, 2020

Lithium-rich layered oxide composite cathode material with improved first cycle performance and stability. The material is prepared through a novel approach that incorporates fluorine-doped lithium-rich layered oxide from the inside to the outside, creating a structured material with enhanced oxygen vacancies. This composition enables the formation of a spinel structure that significantly improves the material's first cycle efficiency and stability compared to conventional materials. The material is suitable for lithium-ion batteries and power batteries.

13. Battery with Positive Electrode Material LiMeyOαFβ and Additives for Enhanced Lithium Extraction and Stability

PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO LTD, 2020

Battery with enhanced lithium extraction and stability through a novel positive electrode material. The material, LiMeyOαFβ, exhibits improved performance characteristics compared to conventional materials like LiMnO2F, particularly in lithium extraction and capacity retention. The material's crystal structure, with specific composition requirements (x=1.7, y=1.3, α=2.5, β=0.5), enables enhanced lithium extraction while maintaining structural integrity during lithium extraction. The material's performance is further enhanced by the presence of additives, specifically dinitrile compounds and diisocyanate compounds, which facilitate efficient lithium extraction and structural stability.

US10811672B2-patent-drawing

14. Cathode Structure with Layered Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide Composition

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 2020

A cathode for lithium-ion batteries that improves charging and discharging performance by optimizing electrode material composition. The cathode comprises a collector material, a first electrode layer featuring lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) material, and a second electrode layer comprising lithium nickel cobalt oxide (NCO) material. The second electrode layer is strategically positioned between the collector material and the LMFP layer to enhance current density while maintaining structural integrity. This configuration effectively balances the electrical properties of the LMFP layer with the NCO layer, thereby enhancing overall battery performance.

EP3671910A1-patent-drawing

15. Surface-Modified Lithium-Rich Layered Transition Metal Oxide with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nano-Layer

GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2020

Surface-modified lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide for lithium-ion batteries, comprising a composite material comprising a lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide and a nitrogen-doped carbon nano-layer. The nitrogen-doped carbon nano-layer is formed through cracking of a carbon-nitrogen source under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The nitrogen-doped carbon nano-layer intercalates between the lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide and the lithium-rich layer rich in oxygen vacancies, creating a synergistic interface that enhances ion transport and oxygen storage.

CN111081994A-patent-drawing

16. Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode with Transition Metal-Substituted Li2Mn1-xMyO2X/C Structure

INST PROCESS ENG CAS, 2020

Lithium-ion battery cathode material that achieves high specific energy density through the strategic replacement of manganese with transition metals, specifically through the preparation of Li2Mn1-xMyO2X/C. The material combines divalent manganese with halogen elements, enabling improved redox stability and reversible capacity, while maintaining high voltage performance. The preparation method involves precise control of manganese substitution ratios and halogen incorporation. This approach enables the production of cathode materials with superior reversible capacity and cycle performance, critical for electric vehicle applications.

CN110797519A-patent-drawing

17. Method for Preparing Doped Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Cathode Materials with Uniform Distribution and Enhanced Stability

ANHUI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2019

A method for preparing high-voltage lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials for lithium-ion power batteries. The method involves creating electrode sheets with improved stability through a combination of doping and processing techniques. Specifically, the method involves doping the cathode material with elements that enhance its electrochemical performance while maintaining its high-voltage stability. The doping process can be achieved through various methods, including doping of the manganese component or incorporation of other elements that complement the manganese lattice structure. The electrode sheets are then processed to ensure uniform doping distribution and optimal electrode architecture.

CN110459758A-patent-drawing

18. Single-Crystal Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode with Controlled Morphology via Hydroxide Co-Precipitation

UNIV BEIJING TECHNOLOGY, 2019

Single-crystal lithium-rich layered oxide cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced performance and stability. The material, prepared through a novel hydroxide co-precipitation method, achieves controlled morphology through precise control of precursor composition, sintering parameters, and reaction conditions. This approach enables the production of uniform, single-crystal structures with improved electrical conductivity, charge storage capacity, and mechanical strength compared to conventional layered oxide cathodes.

CN109778301A-patent-drawing

19. Positive Electrode Active Material with Fm-3m Crystal Structure for Lithium-Ion Batteries

PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO LTD, 2019

A positive electrode active material for lithium-ion batteries that enhances capacity while maintaining structural integrity. The material comprises a compound with a specific crystal structure belonging to the space group Fm-3m, where the composition is represented by the formula (1). The compound exhibits enhanced capacity due to its unique crystal structure, which prevents the formation of anions and maintains Li diffusion pathways during both charging and discharging. This results in improved performance and stability compared to conventional materials.

20. Cation-Disordered Rocksalt Lithium Metal Oxide with Charge-Compensating Redox-Active Species

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2019

Lithium metal oxide with enhanced electrochemical performance through the incorporation of charge-compensating redox-active species. The oxide exhibits a cation-disordered rocksalt structure with LiMO2 and LiM′eO2 components, where LiM′eO2 provides a higher redox capacity than LiMO2 alone. The charge-compensating species, with a first oxidation state n and a second oxidation state y greater than n, maintains the redox-active species at a lower oxidation state during charge and discharge cycles, thereby significantly enhancing the material's capacity.

21. Layered Lithium-Rich Cathode Material with Synchronized Surface Structure and Composition via Single-Step Chemical Treatment

22. Method for Preparing Spinel-Coated Layered Cathode Material with Uniform Surface Coating via Controlled Precipitation Process

23. Battery Electrode Material with FM-3M Space Group and Composition Formula (Li1-xMx)2Si2P2S8

24. Method for Synthesizing Core-Shell Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Cathode Materials via Sol-Gel and Precursor Deposition Techniques

25. Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Material with Gradient Phase Composition Structure

Get Full Report

Access our comprehensive collection of 35 documents related to this technology

Identify Key Areas of Innovation in 2025