Sodium Ion Batteries for EV Power Systems

Sodium ion battery electrolyte and sodium ion battery containing the electrolyte. The electrolyte composition improves cycle life, high temperature performance, and reduces gas generation in sodium ion batteries. It contains non-aqueous organic solvents, sodium salts, and additives. The additives are a negative electrode film-forming additive, a positive electrode protection additive, and a water removal/decomposition additive. The film-forming additive improves SEI formation at the negative electrode. The protection additive prevents decomposition at the positive electrode. The water removal additive reacts with moisture to prevent electrolyte decomposition.

Source

A sodium battery system for improving the charge and discharge capacity of graphite-based sodium ion batteries by using an electrolyte containing 1-methylimidazole (1-MI) and sodium salt without carbonate. The 1-MI-based electrolyte provides better cycling stability and capacity retention compared to conventional carbonate-containing electrolytes for graphite anodes. This is because the 1-MI electrolyte avoids formation of a passivation film on the graphite anode, enabling better sodium ion intercalation. The lack of sodium in the graphite anode allows using this 1-MI electrolyte for high-capacity graphite sodium batteries.

Source

Sodium ion battery and electrical equipment with improved safety to prevent fires. The battery design involves regulating electrolyte composition, positive electrode formulation, and cycling conditions to suppress safety issues like gas generation, internal short circuits, and thermal runaway. This reduces intensity of energy release and suppresses jet fires when the battery fails, preventing fires and improving safety compared to standard sodium ion batteries. The design is tested by cycling the battery at 45°C for 500 cycles.

Source

High-temperature sodium-ion battery electrolyte that improves the performance and longevity of sodium-ion batteries at elevated temperatures. The electrolyte contains a non-aqueous organic solvent, sodium salt, and a specific additive called A. Additive A has a specific chemical structure. It forms a dense, stable interface film on the positive electrode surface that reduces organic component dissolution at high temperatures. This reduces electrolyte consumption, internal resistance growth, and capacity loss compared to conventional electrolytes.

Source

A multifunctional additive for sodium-ion battery electrolytes that improves cycle life, high/low temperature performance, and reduces gas generation. The additive is a fluorinated organic compound, such as a fluorinated sulfonate, added to the electrolyte in small quantities. It stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interface, reduces electrolyte decomposition, and prevents passivation of the cathode and electrolyte oxidation at high voltage. The additive also promotes electrolyte film formation on the negative electrode surface.

Source

Electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries that improves cycle performance in high-temperature environments. The electrolyte contains sodium salt and an organic solvent mixture with specific components. The organic solvent includes fluorinated organic compounds, ether compounds, and coordination compounds with transition metal-coordinating functional groups. This solvent composition helps form a stable solid electrolyte interface film on the battery electrodes and reduces electrochemical polarization, improving cycle life in high-temperature conditions.

Source

A sodium-ion battery design with a protective layer on the negative electrode current collector to enable anode-less operation. The protective layer allows sodium ions to pass freely and prevents dendrite growth on the current collector during charging and discharging. This allows omitting the traditional negative electrode active material layer and avoiding dendrite formation on the current collector. The layer is made of polymer materials that allow sodium ion transport. The battery configuration has a positive electrode sheet, separator, and current collector with the protective layer.

Source

Sodium ion battery design with improved cycle life and energy density for sodium ion batteries used in energy storage applications. The design involves a specialized negative electrode structure with a separate sodium storage layer and conductive skeleton layer. The sodium storage layer provides the sodium intercalation capacity, while the conductive skeleton layer promotes uniform sodium deposition and prevents dendrite growth. The capacity ratio of the sodium storage layer to the positive electrode layer is controlled to optimize energy density and cycle life.

Source

Sodium ion battery electrolyte that enables improved cycle performance over a wide temperature range. The electrolyte contains sodium salt, cyclic carbonate solvent, antisolvent, and dinitrile solvent. The antisolvent is for the sodium salt. The ratios of carbonate, antisolvent, and dinitrile solvents are 20-50:40-60:10-40. This mix allows the electrolyte to have good low-temperature flowability, high-temperature stability, and overall solubility for sodium ions. It avoids crystallization at low temps, decomposition at high temps, and compatibility issues with battery materials.

Source

Low-temperature sodium metal battery with improved cycle performance and stability at low temperatures compared to conventional sodium metal batteries. The battery uses a specific electrolyte composition consisting of a mixture of tetrahydropyran (THF) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) solvents. This electrolyte provides better low-temperature operation and stability compared to traditional THF-based electrolytes. The DOL solvent helps reduce overpotential and improve reversibility at low temperatures.

Source

Long-life aqueous sodium-ion battery with improved stability and cycle life compared to conventional aqueous batteries. The battery uses self-supporting thick electrodes, an electrolyte with hydrogen bond disrupting inhibitors, and anti-corrosion current collectors. The thick electrodes prevent cracking during assembly. The inhibitors in the electrolyte prevent water molecule clustering and oxygen evolution. The coated current collectors prevent corrosion. These design features enable long-life cycles for aqueous batteries.

Source

Sodium-ion battery with improved performance and reduced issues like pole piece breakage, low density, and poor cycling at high temperatures. The battery uses a composite negative electrode with a controlled ratio of hard carbon and soft carbon. This composite reduces wrinkling and improves density compared to just hard carbon. It also improves fast charging and cycling at lower temperatures due to the soft carbon's higher sodium ion insertion/extraction activity. However, excess soft carbon worsens cycling at high temperatures due to side reactions. The battery also uses an optimized electrolyte with controlled additive concentration to balance fast charging and high temperature cycling.

Source

Sodium ion battery electrolyte that inhibits dendrite formation in sodium metal batteries to improve cycle life and safety. The electrolyte contains high concentration sodium salts, carbon nanomaterials like nanodiamonds and carbon dots, and organic solvents. The carbon nanomaterials evenly distribute on the negative electrode during charging, providing nucleation sites for sodium ion deposition and preventing dendrites. The high sodium salt concentration improves stability and rate performance. The nanomaterials also compensate for viscosity issues with high salt concentrations.

Source

Sodium-ion battery with high operating voltage and improved cycle life and first efficiency, using a specific electrolyte composition with added compounds. The electrolyte contains three additives: (1) sodium fluorophosphate (Additive A) to stabilize the electrode interfaces, (2) a phosphorus compound with unsaturated bonds (Additive B) to form a dense interface film, and (3) a cyano compound (Additive C) to complex metal ions and prevent migration. This combination improves sodium-ion battery performance at high voltages and cycles.

Source

Electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries with improved cycle stability, low temperature performance, and safety compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains a conductive sodium salt like sodium borate, and an additive like difluorinated phthalic acid derivatives. The additive inhibits side reactions of the electrolyte and improves thermal stability. The additive also reduces water uptake compared to conventional additives like PF5. This improves battery cycle life and prevents bulging issues. The optimized electrolyte composition promotes sodium-ion battery performance and safety.

Source

A sodium ion battery electrolyte and battery design that improves performance, especially in high temperature environments. The electrolyte contains a new additive compound called DTD0.3% VC0.3¾. The compound has the structural formula I. It improves electrochemical performance and reduces side reactions compared to conventional additives. The battery design uses specific materials for the anode, cathode, and separator. The cathode contains an aluminum current collector, cathode diaphragm with active material, conductive agent, and binder. The anode has a copper current collector and anode diaphragm with active material, conductive agent, and binder. The specific materials are natural or artificial graphite, or a composite of SiOx and graphite for the anode and cathode.

Source

Low-temperature electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries using tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent that improves electrolyte stability and performance at low temperatures. The electrolyte contains a conductive sodium salt like sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, or sodium bisfluorosulfonimide dissolved in a mixture of THF and triethyl phosphate or fluoroethylene carbonate. The THF:solvent ratio is 1:1 to 4:1. This electrolyte allows stable sodium salt dissolution and prevents solidification, precipitation, and resistance increases at low temperatures compared to conventional carbonate electrolytes.

Source

Sodium ion battery with improved performance by regulating the crystallinity of the negative electrode and the electrolyte salt content to reduce gas generation during cycling. The crystallinity of the negative electrode carbon material should be between 0.5-50% and the mass percentage of electrolyte salt in the electrolyte should be between 3-15%. This prevents excessive adsorption of electrolyte salt onto the defective sites of the negative electrode which can decompose the electrolyte and produce gas.

Source

Sodium ion battery electrolyte and sodium ion battery with improved performance, especially high temperature performance, by using specific additives in the electrolyte. The additives contain compounds with the formula NaPF6xNaFSi(1-x)EC, where x is 0.5-1.5, along with solvents like EC, DMC, and EMC. These additives improve electrochemical performance, storage, and high temperature stability of sodium ion batteries compared to conventional additives.

Source

Electrolyte and sodium ion battery with improved cycle performance, particularly for high voltage sodium-ion batteries like P2 type layered oxides. The electrolyte contains sodium salt, solvent, and additives including silane borate compounds like tris(trimethylsilane)borate (TMSB) and fluoroalkyl carbonate compounds like trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC). Using this electrolyte in sodium-ion batteries provides better capacity retention at high voltages compared to conventional electrolytes. The silane borate and fluoroalkyl carbonate additives help limit irreversible phase changes, reduce capacity loss, and suppress electrode material interactions at high voltages.

Source

A sodium ion battery electrolyte and battery design that improves cycle performance, reduces gas generation during storage, and reduces internal resistance growth rate compared to conventional sodium ion batteries. The electrolyte contains a base electrolyte with a solvent and film-forming additive, sodium salt, and a gas production inhibitor which is a lactam compound. The lactam additive helps prevent electrolyte decomposition and gas generation during storage and operation. This improves cycle performance and reduces internal resistance growth compared to higher lactam content or omitting the lactam.

Source

Aqueous sodium-ion battery electrolyte containing additives and an aqueous sodium-ion battery composition using the electrolyte. The additive-containing electrolyte improves the performance of aqueous sodium-ion batteries, especially for iron-based negative electrode materials. The additives are ferrous chloride and sodium borohydride dissolved in the electrolyte. The ferrous chloride creates oxygen vacancies in the iron negative electrode material, increasing capacity. The sodium borohydride reduces the iron oxide on the electrode, improving cycling stability. Soaking the iron negative electrode in the additive-containing electrolyte before assembly further enhances capacity.

Source

Organic electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries with reduced self-discharge and improved cycle life. The electrolyte contains a first film-forming agent like 1,3-propane sultone to form CEI and SEI films on the electrodes, a resistance reducing agent like ethylene sulfate to mitigate impedance increase from the first agent, and a second film-forming agent like sodium difluorophosphate to form a sodium-rich SEI on the negative electrode. This strengthens the CEI and reduces Na dendrite growth.

Source

Low-temperature fast-charging sodium-ion battery electrolyte that improves the performance of sodium-ion batteries at low temperatures without sacrificing energy density. The electrolyte contains specific organic solvents like ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, along with sodium salt. This electrolyte allows high rate charging at -40°C with good capacity retention compared to conventional electrolytes.

Source

Low-temperature, high-pressure sodium-ion battery electrolyte for improving energy density and operating voltage of anode-free sodium-ion batteries at low temperatures. The electrolyte contains sodium salt and specific organic solvents like diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether/tetramethylene glycol mixtures. This allows reversible sodium metal deposition at low temperatures for capacity retention, high oxidation stability, and wide voltage operation down to -40°C. It enables anode-free sodium-ion batteries with high energy density, specific energy, and voltage without anode materials at low temperatures.

Source

High-safety sodium-ion battery design with improved cycle stability, thermal stability, and safety compared to traditional sodium-ion batteries. The battery uses specific materials for the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator to avoid issues like dendrite growth and electrolyte decomposition that can lead to thermal runaway. The positive electrode contains a polyanion material like Na3MnTi(PO4)3 with high stability and voltage vs Na/Na+. The negative electrode uses non-carbon materials like Na0.6[Cr0.6Ti0.4]O2 with higher redox potentials to prevent sodium dendrites. The electrolyte is a non-aqueous, flame-retardant type with lower SET value. This battery design aims to prevent side reactions, avoid dendrite growth, and mitigate safety risks like thermal

Source

Sodium ion battery electrolyte formulation and battery design to improve cycle life and stability of sodium ion batteries. The electrolyte contains additives like fluoride salts, carbonates, sulfate esters, sulfite esters, alkyl carbonates, alkoxy salts, and hydroxides to make the SEI film denser and inhibit repeated dissolution and deposition during cycling. The battery also uses additives like fluoride salts in the electrode materials to improve SEI stability.

Source

Sodium secondary battery with improved cycle life and reduced gas production compared to conventional sodium batteries. The battery includes a negative electrode with a calcium-containing film and an electrolyte containing a fluorocarbonate compound. The calcium film on the negative electrode surface inhibits sodium precipitation during charging, reducing gas generation. The fluorocarbonate compound in the electrolyte stabilizes the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on the negative electrode to prevent gas-producing reactions. This improves battery performance and cycle stability by mitigating gas evolution issues specific to sodium batteries.

Source

Reducing gas production and improving cycle stability in sodium-ion batteries by modifying the negative electrode and electrolyte. The negative electrode contains a film with silicon that cooperates with the fluorocarbonate compound in the electrolyte to inhibit formation of soluble alkyl sodium carbonate. This reduces gas production compared to standard sodium-ion batteries. The fluorocarbonate compound in the electrolyte also stabilizes the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on the negative electrode during cycling.

Source

Sodium-ion battery with reduced gas generation in the negative electrode. The battery uses a negative electrode material with optimized discharge capacity ratios in specific voltage ranges. The electrolyte contains a compound that reduces gas formation. This allows high discharge capacity at low voltages without gas generation. The compound is a compound represented by formula I with an unsaturated functional group. It reduces gas by stabilizing the electrolyte interface and preventing solvent decomposition. The compound mass is optimized. The negative active material ratio of discharge capacities in voltage ranges is adjusted.

Source

Electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries that can operate at ultra-low temperatures like -40°C without performance degradation. The electrolyte contains specific solvents like ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate and additives like sodium fluoroxalate borate, fluoroethylene carbonate, or vinylene carbonate. These components prevent freezing at low temperatures and improve ionic conductivity in the interface layer between the electrode and electrolyte. This extends the cycle life of sodium-ion batteries at extreme cold conditions.

Source

Negative electrode-free sodium-ion batteries with high energy density and wide temperature operation. The batteries have an electrolyte containing sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate and sodium tetrafluoroborate in a molar ratio of 5-9:1-5. This improves electrochemical performance over single salt electrolytes. The batteries lack a separate negative electrode and instead form sodium metal in situ on the current collector during charging. This simplifies manufacturing and reduces cost compared to using a separate negative electrode.

Source

Aqueous sodium-ion battery electrolyte with widened electrochemical stability window to enable use of a broader range of positive and negative electrode materials. The electrolyte contains sodium salt, water, and a deep eutectic solvent. The deep eutectic solvent breaks the hydrogen bond network in the water, preventing hydrogen evolution and widening the stability window beyond 3V. This allows higher voltage batteries with lower cost, safer, and more environmentally friendly compared to organic solvent-based sodium-ion batteries.

Source

High-temperature sodium-ion batteries with improved cycle stability and high-temperature resistance. The battery uses a specially modified electrolyte with a NaBOB derivative as the sodium salt, organic mixed solvent, and high-temperature additive. The NaBOB derivative is made by doping boric acid with an organic acid like 4-(2-ethyl)-4-nitropimelic acid. This modified electrolyte provides enhanced electrochemical performance at both room temperature and high temperature compared to standard electrolytes.

Source

Sodium ion battery electrolyte containing a small amount of inorganic sodium salt additive like sodium phosphate, sulfate, fluoride, or carbonate. The inorganic salt additive improves the initial efficiency and cycling performance of sodium ion batteries compared to traditional organic electrolytes. The inorganic salt additive forms a thin, stable SEI film on the negative electrode that prevents electrolyte decomposition and improves cycle life. The concentration of the inorganic salt additive is around 0.001-1% in the electrolyte.

Source

A sodium ion battery electrolyte formulation that improves stability, safety, and cycle life compared to conventional sodium ion battery electrolytes. The electrolyte contains specific additives like 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylaldehyde and Na salts at optimized concentrations. The additives help mitigate sodium dendrite formation, gas generation, and electrode swelling during cycling. The electrolyte also allows higher charging voltages without overcharge issues. The specific additive and concentration ranges are provided.

Source

Sodium-ion battery electrolyte formulation suitable for hard carbon anodes that provides improved cycling stability and capacity retention compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains sodium salt, carbonate solvents, and tetravinyl silane (TVSi) as an additive. The TVSi improves electrode/electrolyte interface stability and reduces impedance compared to using vinylene carbonate (VC) or other additives. The TVSi enables better cycling performance when paired with hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries.

Source

Sodium ion battery electrolyte and battery composition with improved performance for sodium ion batteries. The electrolyte contains sodium salt, organic solvent, and combined additives. The additives are sodium silane borate and/or sodium silane phosphite (Additive A) and a sulfur-containing compound (Additive B). The additives react at the electrode interfaces to form stable, low-impedance films that inhibit oxidation/reduction reactions. They also stabilize the cathode phase changes and prevent decomposition. The additives also replenish sodium ions, reducing consumption, and improve battery efficiency and life.

Source

Improving the first cycle efficiency of sodium ion batteries with hard carbon anodes by using an electrolyte with a specific additive. The additive has a lower energy level than the sodium salt and solvent. It decomposes on the hard carbon surface during charging to form a stable electrode-electrolyte interface layer. This improves the first cycle Coulombic efficiency of the battery. The stable interface prevents decomposition of the electrolyte and reduces irreversible capacity loss.

Source

Electrolyte for sodium secondary batteries that improves the low-temperature performance of sodium batteries by reducing the energy barrier for ion desolvation. The electrolyte contains a metal sodium salt and a solvent where the desolvation energy of the sodium ion-solvent complex is less than or equal to 100 kJ/mol. This lower desolvation energy barrier at low temperatures makes it easier for sodium ions to desolvate and deintercalate from the electrode surfaces during discharge, enabling better ionic conductivity and cycling stability at low temperatures compared to conventional electrolytes.

Source

Sodium-ion battery electrolyte that enables high performance at ultra-low temperatures like -40°C. The electrolyte contains additives with amide, epoxy butane, sulfur-oxygen, and halogen groups. These additives reduce viscosity, improve wetting, and form stable interface layers with sodium compounds that inhibit dendrite formation and enhance ionic conductivity at low temperatures.

Source

Electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries that improves cycle life, low temperature performance, and high temperature storage stability compared to conventional electrolytes. The electrolyte contains a combination of bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate (BTMS) and sodium difluorophosphate (NaPF2) in a sodium-ion battery electrolyte. The bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate forms a flexible interface film on the electrode surfaces that prevents ion co-intercalation and improves cycle life. The sodium difluorophosphate modifies the interface film further to increase stability at high and low temperatures. The dual modification with silicon-containing groups and fluorine provides better mechanical and chemical stability of the interface film compared to using just BTMS or NaPF2 separately.

Source

Electrolyte composition for sodium-ion batteries with improved cycle life and capacity retention, especially at high temperatures. The electrolyte contains two additives: a first additive with NaF, Na2CO3, and Na2O in a specific ratio, and a second additive of NaPF6. The first additive improves the uniformity and stability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed on the electrode surfaces. The second additive reduces NaPF6 hydrolysis and corrosion of the SEI at high temperatures. The additive mass ratios and concentrations are optimized for performance benefits.

Source

High stability sodium-ion battery with improved rate performance, cycle life, and temperature stability. The battery uses a specific combination of additives in the electrolyte and positive electrode to prevent degradation when adding sodium replenishing agents to the cathode. The additives are a first additive like TMSP or TMSB at 0.05-3% and a second additive like NaFSI at 0.1-10% in the electrolyte. The positive electrode conductivity is 0.02*(first additive + second additive)/positive electrode weight. This combination forms a dense protective film on the cathode to stabilize it, reduces interface impedance, and prevents degradation from high sodium replenishing levels.

Source

A solid electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries with improved low-temperature performance. The electrolyte consists of three layers: a metal-organic framework (MOF) layer, a transition layer, and a polymer electrolyte layer. The MOF layer contacts the electrode surface and contains a MOF material, sodium salt, and a first polymer. UV light treatment forms a porous MOF fiber matrix. The second polymer is added to the MOF surface to create the transition layer. This interpenetrating architecture reduces dendrite growth, improves ion transport, and prevents electrolyte decomposition.

Source

A new sodium metal battery with improved performance and stability compared to existing sodium metal batteries. The battery uses carbon-coated ferric fluoride as the positive electrode material, sodium metal as the negative electrode, and an organic electrolyte containing sodium salts and ether-based solvents. This provides better stability of the sodium metal, suppressed dendrite growth, and improved cycling performance compared to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. The carbon-coated ferric fluoride positive electrode is prepared by a dry grinding and film forming process for improved density and cycle life.

Source

Additive for sodium-ion battery electrolytes to improve performance, specifically cycle life, low temperature discharge, and high temperature storage. The additive is 2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxy]ethyl methanesulfonate. It provides better cycle life, low temperature discharge, and high temperature storage compared to benchmark additives like VC. The additive has a phenoxy group as a protective group and a fluorine-containing ethoxy group with strong electronegativity. This combination improves electrolyte properties compared to phenol-based additives.

Source

Electrolyte additives for sodium-ion batteries that improve cycle life and high temperature storage performance. The additives are fluorine-containing salts like sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) and sodium bisfluorosulfonimide (NaFSI). These additives when used in small amounts (0.05-0.25 mol/L) in sodium-ion battery electrolytes enhance film formation on the electrode surfaces during cycling, preventing electrolyte decomposition and carbon dissolution, resulting in improved cycle life and storage stability at elevated temperatures.

Source

Electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries with additives containing B-O, C=C, and C=O bonds to improve stability and performance of sodium-ion batteries. The additives complex with sodium salt ions to increase dissociation and migration, reducing bulk phase and interface impedance. They also reduce negative electrode metal deposition and stabilize electrode films. The additives have borate ester and dioxolone groups with acidic boron and aromatic rings. The electrolyte composition is sodium salt, organic solvent, and these additives.

Source

Sodium ion battery with reduced electrolyte salt content and improved performance. The battery has a positive electrode with a conductive agent, a negative electrode with a conductive agent, and an electrolyte containing a main salt (sodium hexafluorophosphate) and an auxiliary salt (fluorine-containing sulfonimide sodium salt). The sum of the positive and negative electrode conductive agent content and the ratio of the main salt to auxiliary salt in the electrolyte are optimized to balance ionic conductivity and reduce electrolyte salt consumption. This reduces cost and improves rate performance compared to conventional sodium ion batteries.

Source