Lithium Nickel Manganese in EV Battery Systems

Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with reduced transition metal elution compared to conventional lithium manganese oxides. The material is a lithium-excessive lithium manganese oxide with a unique composition and structure. It contains a solid solution or composite of phases with different crystal structures. The material is formed as core-shell particles with a concentration gradient of transition metals from the core to shell. The shell region has higher concentration of transition metals with lower elution probability compared to the core. This suppresses transition metal elution. Additionally, a barrier layer on the particle surface further reduces transition metal elution. This composition and structure prevents transition metal contamination of the electrolyte and cathode during cycling, improving battery lifespan and stability.

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High-nickel ternary lithium-ion battery cathode material with improved structural stability, cycling performance, and energy density at elevated temperatures. The material is made by a controlled ion exchange and anion doping process. The ion exchange involves dispersing the precursor in a cation exchange solution, filtering, and low-temperature heat treatment to form spinel/layered mixed phases. Anion doping fills holes and stabilizes the surface structure. This reduces cracking, side reactions, and SOC increase compared to high-temperature sintering.

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Nonaqueous electrolyte battery with improved cycle life by balancing self-discharge between positive and negative electrodes. The battery uses a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide positive electrode and a high-voltage negative electrode material. The battery design involves controlling the particle sizes and pore diameters of the positive and negative electrodes to reduce positive electrode overdischarge. The formula for particle size ratio is 3 A/B < 15 where A is the positive electrode particle size and B is the negative electrode particle size. The formula for pore diameter ratio is 1.5 a/b < 2.4 where a is the positive electrode pore diameter and b is the negative electrode pore diameter. This balances self-discharge between electrodes to prevent overdischarge of the positive electrode during cycling.

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Cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved high temperature stability and cycle life compared to conventional high energy density cathode materials. The cathode has lithium nickel compound particles with a porous structure and distributed erythium oxide particles within the pores. The porous structure reduces agglomeration, improves dispersion, and surface area. The erythium oxide particles enhance cycle stability and thermal stability due to their chemical resistance and buffering effect on stress. Adding metal oxides like aluminum trioxide and zinc oxide in the shell further improves cycle stability and energy density.

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Composite cathode material, electrode system, and lithium-ion battery to improve the cycle life and capacity of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The composite cathode material contains a ternary material like NMC, lithium iron manganese phosphate (LMFP), and lithium manganate (LMO) along with a small amount of lithium supplement material. This helps mitigate cation mixing and improve cycle performance compared to just using NMC. The electrode system has the composite cathode on a positive electrode with a lithium-replenishing coating, and a negative electrode with graphite and silicon oxide. The lithium-replenishing coating helps compensate for lithium loss during cycling.

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Positive electrode material, sheet, and battery for lithium-ion batteries with improved safety and cycle life. The positive electrode material is a lithium-nickel composite oxide with specific nickel and lithium mol ratios of (0.5-0.96):1. The material has controlled thermal decomposition temperatures during charging and discharging to prevent thermal runaway. The sheet and battery using this material have better cycle stability and reduced risk of thermal events compared to conventional lithium-nickel oxides.

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A lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved performance and stability compared to conventional lithium-rich manganese cathodes. The new cathode material has a core-shell structure with a spinel phase lithium-nickel-manganese oxide core surrounded by a layered lithium-rich manganese oxide shell. This configuration stabilizes the crystal structure, prevents internal lithium ion polarization, and reduces gas generation during cycling compared to layered lithium-rich manganese cathodes. The core-shell structure also improves rate performance.

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High-capacity lithium battery cathode material with improved stability and lifespan. The material is an overlithiated lithium transition metal oxide containing phases complexed together. It has a layered crystal structure with some lithium ions substituted into the transition metal layer. Doping the material with certain metal cations like Al, Mg, Ga, Ti, V, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, and In improves stability and reduces capacity fade. The dopant content is 0.1-10 mol%. The overlithiated lithium transition metal oxide can contain up to 20 mol% of the overlithiated phase to balance capacity and stability.

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Cationic-irregular rock salt lithium manganese oxide or oxyfluoride compounds with high energy density for lithium-ion batteries. The compounds have compositions in the defined Li-Mn-OF chemical space, where the lithium excess, fluorine content, and transition metal composition are optimized. The compounds have improved electrochemical performance compared to conventional layered oxides due to their rock salt structure, which allows better lithium diffusion and capacity retention. The compounds also exhibit enhanced oxygen redox compared to manganese oxides alone, providing additional electron capacity. The compositions can be synthesized by mechanochemical alloying of stoichiometric compounds like Li2O, MnO, Mn2O3, MnO2, and LiF.

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Coating a lithium nickel manganate cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with a nano-scale inorganic solid electrolyte like LiAlSiO4 to improve its high voltage and high temperature performance. The coating amount is 0.2-1% of the lithium nickel manganate mass. The coated cathode material has better cycling stability and capacity retention compared to uncoated lithium nickel manganate at high voltages and temperatures.

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A high-voltage composite spinel-coated cathode material for lithium-ion batteries that enables higher charge cutoff voltages without degradation in performance. The material has a layered core of lithium borate, followed by an intermediate spinel layer of lithium nickel manganate, and a surface layer of solid electrolyte. This coating improves stability, capacity, and cycle life at voltages above 4.5V compared to bare lithium borate cathodes. The composite coating prevents structure collapse, phase transitions, and HF corrosion at high charge voltages.

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Doped lithium battery cathode material with improved cycling performance and energy density at high temperatures. The material is a composite of 92-96% ternary lithium nickel manganese oxide (NMC) and 4-8% of a dopant mixture containing iron sulfide, manganese sulfide, and titanium disulfide. This doped NMC cathode material shows lower electrode polarization and better cycling stability at elevated temperatures compared to plain NMC cathodes.

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A coating method to improve the cycling stability of lithium-ion battery cathode material lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4). The coating involves treating the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powder with an aqueous solution containing a polymer like polyacrylic acid (PAA) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) followed by drying. The coating prevents Jahn-Teller distortion, manganese ion disproportionation, and electrolyte dissolution during cycling, resulting in improved cycling stability.

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Lithium secondary battery with improved performance at low and high temperatures. The battery uses a cathode active material composed of a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide coated with a layer containing Al and W. The coating improves output and lifetime characteristics at ordinary, low, and high temperatures compared to uncoated cathode materials. The composite oxide has a specific formula with nickel, manganese, cobalt, lithium, and optional dopants.

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Cathode active material for lithium secondary batteries with improved capacity and thermal stability compared to traditional cathode materials. The material is a nickel-rich oxide composition with specific dopant ratios. The composition is represented by the formula LiNixCoyMnzAlbMgcO2, where 0 < z < 0.025, 0.001 < b < 0.02, 0 < c < 0.02, b > c, x + y + z + b + c = 0.96 < a < 1.04. The dopants are Al and Mg, in addition to the usual Ni, Co, and Mn. This composition provides higher capacity and better thermal stability compared to similar oxides without the Al and Mg dopants.

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Positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with improved thermal stability and conductivity. The material is a lithium nickel manganese oxide with dissolved niobium in the primary particles. The niobium coating reduces conductivity while the dissolved niobium in the primary particles improves thermal stability. The niobium is added during a mixing step after crystallization of the nickel-manganese hydroxide particles. Firing converts the hydroxide to oxide. This allows controlling niobium distribution in the particles.

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High-voltage, high-energy density lithium-ion batteries with advanced cathode materials that improve cycling life, volumetric energy density, and rate capability compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. The cathode active material is a stabilized lithium transition metal oxide with composition xLi2MO3 · (1-x) LiCOyM' (ly)02, where M is a transition metal like Co or Mn, and M' is a transition metal like Ni. The stabilization prevents capacity fade and degradation during cycling. The battery cells have anodes and cathodes with current collectors, with the stabilized lithium oxide cathode material providing the improved performance.

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Lithium phosphate infused nickel-rich lithium-ion battery cathodes with improved stability and cycle life. The cathodes are made by infusing lithium phosphate into the nickel-rich NMC secondary particles using a coating and annealing process. This prevents electrolyte penetration into the particles during cycling, suppresses cracking, and enhances structural integrity compared to uninfused NMC cathodes. The lithium phosphate infused grain boundaries also improve interfacial stability. The infused lithium phosphate functions as a glue to bind the primary particles together, preventing disintegration during cycling. This provides stable operation of nickel-rich NMC cathodes with higher capacity and improved long-term cycling stability.

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Positive electrode active substance for lithium-ion batteries that improves cycle life and reduces capacity fade in large-format batteries like those used in electric vehicles. The active substance is a lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide with a specific true density range of 4.40 to 4.80 g/cm3. This density range prevents excessive expansion and contraction of the active material during charging and discharging that can cause cracking and capacity loss in large format batteries. The density range can be achieved by adjusting the metal composition and impurity doping levels in the active material.

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Lithium battery material system with optimized components for improved performance. The system includes a high-capacity positive electrode material (LiNi0.5-0.8Co0.2-0.5Mn0.1-0.3Al0.1-0.5) like LiNi0.8Co0.2Mn0.1Al0.1O2, a high-capacity negative electrode material like artificial graphite or hard carbon with ≥335 mAh/g specific discharge capacity, a thin separator like A12O3-modified polyolefin with thickness <30 µm, low-temperature electrolyte like LiPF6 organic solution, graphene-coated aluminum and thin copper current collectors, and a graphene-coated aluminum positive electrode sheet made by coating the slurry onto the fo

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